Using IEEE 802.15.4e Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) in the Internet of Things (IoT): Problem Statement

Palattella, Maria Rita; Grieco, Luigi Alfredo

doi:10.17487/rfc7554

Cited by 114 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…For each timeslot in which a node is active, the schedule defines a pseudo-channel called channel offset , which is utilized for the calculation of the physical channel that the node will use. The channel calculation is performed via the following equation [1]:PhysicalChannel=F{(ASN+ChannelOffset)%C}, where ASN is the absolute slot number, which denotes the total number of timeslots that have elapsed since the start of the network, C is the number of available channels (e.g., 16 when the 2.4 GHz frequency band is used and all the band’s channels are available), ChannelOffset takes integer values between 0 and C−1, and F is a bijective function mapping an integer between 0 and C−1 into a physical channel. Equation (1) performs a slow channel hopping in order to minimize the negative effects of noise and interference, aiming to provide high reliability.…”

Section: Overview Of Ieee802154-tschmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wireless applications of the industrial internet of things (IIoT) require the networking of power-constrained wireless devices under stringent reliability, availability, and security requirements [1,2]. To support these applications, even in harsh industrial environments, the IEEE802.15.4 standard [3] proposes a specialized medium access method named time slotted channel hopping (TSCH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

Karalis

Zorbas

Douligeris

2019

Sensors

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IEEE802.15.4-time slotted channel hopping (TSCH) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol designed to support wireless device networking, offering high reliability and low power consumption, two features that are desirable in the industrial internet of things (IIoT). The formation of an IEEE802.15.4-TSCH network relies on the periodic transmissions of network advertising frames called enhanced beacons (EB). The scheduling of EB transmissions plays a crucial role both in the joining time and in the power consumption of the nodes. The existence of collisions between EB is an important factor that negatively affects the performance. In the worst case, all the neighboring EB transmissions of a node may collide, a phenomenon which we call a full collision. Most of the EB scheduling methods that have been proposed in the literature are fully or partially based on randomness in order to create the EB transmission schedule. In this paper, we initially show that the randomness can lead to a considerable probability of collisions, and, especially, of full collisions. Subsequently, we propose a novel autonomous EB scheduling method that eliminates collisions using a simple technique that does not increase the power consumption. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first non-centralized EB scheduling method that fully eliminates collisions, and this is guaranteed even if there are mobile nodes. To evaluate our method, we compare our proposal with recent and state-of-the-art non-centralized network-advertisement scheduling methods. Our evaluation does not consider only fixed topology networks, but also networks with mobile nodes, a scenario which has not been examined before. The results of our simulations demonstrate the superiority of our method in terms of joining time and energy consumption.

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Section: Overview Of Ieee802154-tschmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

Karalis

Zorbas

Douligeris

2019

Sensors

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“…For example, signal to noise ratio (SNR) can be calculated from RSSI and noise floor, but raw RSSI values are useful as they can be provided to simulators. All testing was performed on channel 26 for reasons of space, but testing on other IEEE 802.15.4 channels (and using TSCH [13]) is important for understanding link performance.…”

Section: Transmit and Receive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of decreasing transmit power levels on FlockLab to achieve a sparse network

Bradbury

Jhumka

Maple

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Benchmarking Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things

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For research in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT), while many protocols are either analysed mathematically or simulated to assess performance, it has become necessary that they are tested on hardware in real world environments. Algorithms are often validated in either (i) a densely connected network or (ii) a sparsely connected network. The majority of existing testbeds have implemented dense networks, making evaluation and validation of certain protocols, such as spatially-redundant source location privacy (SLP) protocols, challenging. We explore the use of transmission power to achieve network sparsity and present the results of such experiments performed on the FlockLab testbed. Based upon our experience in using FlockLab, we also identify additional aspects of testbed performance that need to be monitored to ensure reliable and reproducible results.

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“…The length of the slotframe and the number of channels should be relatively prime to allow each timeslot to communicate using all available channels [3,11]. In addition,

L false(S_{C o n v} false)

and

L false(S_{B a s e} false)

should be satisfying the following three conditions, so that all nodes can send one packet to the sink within two cycles of the convergecast slotframe, even if a collision occurs.…”

Section: Proposed Autonomous Scheduling Scheme For Convergecastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardizes 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e) [11] for IPv6 communication based on TSCH. 6TiSCH combines TSCH with the existing well-defined IPv6 protocol stack for WSNs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escalator: An Autonomous Scheduling Scheme for Convergecast in TSCH

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is widely used in the industrial wireless sensor networks due to its high reliability and energy efficiency. Various timeslot and channel scheduling schemes have been proposed for achieving high reliability and energy efficiency for TSCH networks. Recently proposed autonomous scheduling schemes provide flexible timeslot scheduling based on the routing topology, but do not take into account the network traffic and packet forwarding delays. In this paper, we propose an autonomous scheduling scheme for convergecast in TSCH networks with RPL as a routing protocol, named Escalator. Escalator generates a consecutive timeslot schedule along the packet forwarding path to minimize the packet transmission delay. The schedule is generated autonomously by utilizing only the local routing topology information without any additional signaling with other nodes. The generated schedule is guaranteed to be conflict-free, in that all nodes in the network could transmit packets to the sink in every slotframe cycle. We implement Escalator and evaluate its performance with existing autonomous scheduling schemes through a testbed and simulation. Experimental results show that the proposed Escalator has lower end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratio compared to the existing schemes regardless of the network topology.

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Using IEEE 802.15.4e Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) in the Internet of Things (IoT): Problem Statement

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

The impact of decreasing transmit power levels on FlockLab to achieve a sparse network

Escalator: An Autonomous Scheduling Scheme for Convergecast in TSCH

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