Using ionic liquids in whole-cell biocatalysis for the nucleoside acylation

Abstract

Background: The use of biocatalysts has become an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional chemical methods, due to the high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and environmentally-friendly processes in nonaqueous catalysis of nucleosids. However, the extensive use of organic solvents may generally suffer from sever drawbacks such as volatileness and toxicity to the environment and lower activity of the biocatalyst. Recently, ionic liquids are considered promising solvents for nonaqueous biocatalysis of polyhydroxyl compounds as ILs are environmental-friendly.

Ionic liquids for oral insulin delivery

“…ILs constitute a group of salts with an organic cation and organic/inorganic anion that are typically liquid below 100°C (27). By pairing different ions, ILs can be tailored to have different physicochemical properties such as viscosity, hydrophobicity, solubility, and biodegradability for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications in the fields of biocatalysis, enzymatic processes, protein stability, permeation enhancement, and solubilization, among others (11,12,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). In oral drug delivery, ILs have been utilized for the delivery of poorly water-soluble small molecules such as danazol, itraconazole, cinnarizine, and halofantrine (32,33).…”

Ionic liquids in whole-cell biocatalysis: a compromise between toxicity and efficiency

“…To date, ILs have found applications in various types of whole-cell biocatalytic reactions, among which are biofuel production (Arai et al 2010;Ouellet et al 2011;Frederix et al 2016;Hashmi et al 2017;Pérez de los Ríos et al 2017), enantioselective reduction of ketones (Howarth et al 2001;Pfruender et al 2004Pfruender et al , 2006Lou et al 2006;Bräutigam et al 2007;Hussain et al 2007;Schroer et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008;Bräutigam et al 2009;Lou et al 2009a, b and c;Wang et al 2009Wang et al , 2013Dennewald et al 2011Dennewald et al , 2012Xiao et al 2012;Zhang et al 2012;Silva et al 2013;Zampieri et al 2013;Li et al 2015;Xu et al 2016bXu et al , 2017, enantioselective sulfoxidation (Gao et al 2014), enantioselective hydrolysis (Matsumoto et al 2014), enantioselective hydroxylation (Cornmell et al 2008;Wu et al 2011;Mao et al 2012Mao et al , 2013, dehydrogenation (He et al 2011), double-bond hydrogenation (Lenourry et al 2005;Castiglione et al 2017), glycosylation (Schmideder et al 2016), and nucleoside acylation (Yang et al 2014) (see Table 2).…”