Using KCl to determine size at competence for larvae of the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata (L.)

Pechenik, Jan A.; Heyman, William D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(87)80012-6

Cited by 112 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ionic stimulation alone can induce settlement in some invertebrate groups (Werner & Bucha1, 1973;Ba10un & Morse, 1984;Yool et aI., 1986;Pechenik & Heyman, 1987) but our experiments, as well as others (Rittschof et aI., 1986b), indicate that this is not the case for larval barnacles, because salinity variation alone did notinduce appreciable settlement of B. improvisus cyprids (Figs. 2, 3).…”

Section: Interaction Of Salinity and Settlement Factor Proteinsupporting

confidence: 45%

Interactive effects of salinity and adult extract upon settlement of the estuarine barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854)

Dineen

Hines

1992

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Section: Interaction Of Salinity and Settlement Factor Proteinsupporting

confidence: 45%

Interactive effects of salinity and adult extract upon settlement of the estuarine barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854)

Dineen

Hines

1992

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Other factors controlling metamorphosis, such as physiological readiness and inducer thresholds, may vary for individuals of the same size class. This was the case for larvae of the opisthobranch Phestilla sibogae exposed to the coral inducer Porites compressa (Hadfield 1977) and also for the gastropod Crepidula fornicata exposed to KC1 (Pechenik & Heyman 1987, Pechenik & Gee 1993. Therefore, a combination of age, size, behavior, and morphological differentiation must be used as indicators of competence for larvae of S. gigas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term competence in larvae of queen conch Strombus gigas: shifts in behavior, morphology and metamorphic response

Davis¹

1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Competent larvae of the prosobranch gastropod Strombus glgas Linne (queen conch) require an environmental cue to induce metamorphosis. In this laboratory investigation the planktotrophic vehgers of S. gigas were exposed to 2 cues to observe changes In metamorphic response as a function of age. The cues were extract of Laurencia poitei, an artificial cue, and detrital blades of Thalassia testudinum, a natural cue. Onset of competence began 18 d post-hatch, and veligers were competent for only 6 d at 28 to 30°C. Both cues induced the highest percentage nletamorphosis on Day 23 (88% for extract and 78% for detritus), and response dropped dramatically by Day 25 ( 3 % for extract and 15% for detritus). Shell length for successful metainorphosis ranged between 952 and 1258 pm Pigmentation change from orange to dark green on the propodium and larval operculuni indicated competence, and competent veligers exhibited a swim-crawl behavior associated with settlement. Thls study revealed that veligers of S. gigas have a unique developmental hstory. The competence period was shorter than the precompetence period. Most other planktotrophic larvae a r e competent for a time equal to or longer than the precompetence period. Short-term competence is ordinarily associated with metamorphosis to a broad spectrum of cues. This may explain why veligers of S. gigas were observed to metamorphose to a variety of benthic cues found in juvenile conch seagrass habitats.

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“…Excess K + in seawater has proven to be an effective cue for larvae in a number of phyla (Pechenik & Heyman 1987, Wendt & Woollacott 1995. Although ascidian larvae were thought to be insensitive to such cues, larvae of Halocynthia roretzi can be induced by K + at 20 or 50 mM (Matsumura et al 1999).…”

Section: General Methods Obtaining and Handling Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Larval activity levels and delayed metamorphosis affect post-larval performance in the colonial ascidian Diplosoma listerianum

Marshall

Pechenik

Keough

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

112

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It is becoming widely recognized that extending the larval period of marine invertebrates, especially of species with non-feeding larvae, can affect post-larval performance. As these carry-over effects are presumed to be caused by the depletion of larval energy reserves, we predicted that the level of larval activity would also affect post-larval performance. This prediction was tested with the cosmopolitan colonial ascidian Diplosoma listerianum in field experiments in southern Australia. Diplosoma larvae, brooded in the parent colony, are competent to settle immediately after spawning, and they remain competent to metamorphose for >15 h. Some larvae were induced to metamorphose 0 to 6 h after release, whilst others were induced to swim actively by alternating light and dark periods for up to 3 h prior to metamorphosis. Juvenile colonies were then transplanted to a subtidal field site in Port Phillip Bay and left to grow for up to 3 wk. Extending the larval period and increasing the amount of swimming both produced carry-over effects on post-larval performance. Colonies survived at different rates among experiments, but larval experience did not affect survival rates. Delays in metamorphosis and increased swimming activity did, however, reduce colony growth rates dramatically, resulting in 50% fewer zooids per colony. Moreover, such colonies produced initial zooids with smaller feeding structures, with the width of branchial baskets reduced by 10 to 15%. These differences in branchial basket size persisted and were still apparent in newly budded zooids 3 wk after metamorphosis. Our results suggest that, for D. listerianum, larval maintenance, swimming, and metamorphosis all use energy from a common pool, and increases in the allocation to maintenance or swimming come at the expense of post-larval performance.KEY WORDS: Delayed metamorphosis · Ascidian · Carry-over effects · Larvae · Settlement Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 246: [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162] 2003 The main larval experience examined to date has been the simple prolongment of the planktonic period, which, in non-feeding larval stages, most likely results in energy reserves being depleted. Exposure to toxicants may also affect post-metamorphic performance (Pechenik et al. 1998), and, at least for species with lecithotrophic larvae, larval size may also influence post-metamorphic events (Moran & Emlet 2001). In this latter case, it is presumed that larger larvae have more energy reserves available at the time of attachment and metamorphosis. If the planktonic phase competes with metamorphosis for energy reserves, then we predict that variation in larval activity patterns will also affect the energy remaining for metamorphosis by changing rates of energy consumption. The most obvious energy demand on larvae is swimming. Ascidians, with their non-feeding, swimming, tadpole larvae, are strong (although previously untested) candidates for carry over effec...

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Using KCl to determine size at competence for larvae of the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata (L.)

Cited by 112 publications

References 19 publications

Interactive effects of salinity and adult extract upon settlement of the estuarine barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854)

Interactive effects of salinity and adult extract upon settlement of the estuarine barnacle Balanus improvisus (Darwin, 1854)

Short-term competence in larvae of queen conch Strombus gigas: shifts in behavior, morphology and metamorphic response

Larval activity levels and delayed metamorphosis affect post-larval performance in the colonial ascidian Diplosoma listerianum

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