“…According to his model, Kotter (1996)believes that leaders can transform their organizations by completing the following eight stages (p. 21): Kotter (1996) argued that the stages needed to be followed in sequence, as completing non-sequentially "almost always creates problems" (p. 24). Several case-studies have found Kotter"s model yielded successful organizational change in business sectors (Cowan-Sahadath, 2010;Pollack & Pollack, 2015), health professions (Small, Gist, Souza, Dalton, Magny-Normilus, & David, 2016;Mørk, Krupp, Hankwitz, & Malec, 2018), K-12 public education reforms (Barcelona, 2014), and even in the higher education setting (Calegari, Sibley, & Turner, 2015;Eddy, 2003;Hackman, 2017;Sidorko, 2008). It is important to understand that despite research efforts concluding Kotter"s process was effective towards implementing organizational change, no change management model guarantees success.…”