“…However, one of the critical challenges is the lack of attention to pedagogical and theoretical foundations in the use of LA (Banihashem et al, 2018(Banihashem et al, , 2019Gašević et al, 2016;Knight et al, 2014;Wiley et al, 2020;Wise, 2014). In previous studies, LA was mostly used as a tool to support and inform the design of learning, engagement, and self-regulation (see Calonge et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2018;Heller, 2020;Holmes et al, 2019;Ifenthaler et al, 2018;Kim et al, 2018;Persico & Pozzi, 2015;Roll & Winne, 2015;Toro-Troconis et al, 2019;Viberg et al, 2020;Winne, 2017). However, it lacks sound theory-oriented pedagogy (Wiley et al, 2020).…”