Using magnetic resonance imaging to monitor CH4 hydrate formation and spontaneous conversion of CH4 hydrate to CO2 hydrate in porous media

Baldwin, B.A.; Stevens, James C.; Howard, James W.; Graue, A.; Kvamme, Bjørn; Aspenes, Erick; Ersland, Geir; Husebø, Jarle; Zornes, D.R.

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2008.11.011

Cited by 93 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However high-pressure MRI has been rare due to a low signal-to-noise ratio which results from a low filling factor and the restricted volume of commonly employed high-pressure cells [2][3][4]. MRI experiments [5][6][7][8] using traditional high-pressure cells [2,3], are hindered by this problem, and inefficient temperature control [2,3,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Cartesian sampled centric scan SPRITE imaging with magnetic field gradient and B0(t) field measurements for MRI in the vicinity of metal structures

Han

Green

Ouellette

et al. 2010

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Cartesian sampled centric scan SPRITE imaging with magnetic field gradient and B0(t) field measurements for MRI in the vicinity of metal structures

Han

Green

Ouellette

et al. 2010

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…The technique of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is supposed to be a useful tool to visualize the process of hydrate formation and decomposition [43]. Baldwin et al [44] and Ersland et al [45] used MRI to observe CH 4 hydrate formation and spontaneous conversion of CH 4 to CO 2 hydrate in porous media, and confirmed the feasibility of visualizing the replacement process by use of MRI. In order to investigate the micro-mechanism of replacement, researchers combine the PFT and the observation approach of MRI, and build corresponding models to simulate the replacement process.…”

Section: Advances In Simulation Research On Replacementmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Review on Research on Replacement of CH4 in Natural Gas Hydrates by Use of CO2

et al. 2012

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This paper introduces the research advances on replacement of CH 4 in Natural Gas Hydrates (NGHs) by use of CO 2 and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the method on the natural gas production from such hydrates. Firstly, the feasibility of replacement is proven from the points of view of kinetics and thermodynamics, and confirmed by experiments. Then, the latest progress in CH 4 replacement experiments with gaseous CO 2 , liquid CO 2 and CO 2 emulsion are presented Moreover, the superiority of CO 2 emulsion for replacement of CH 4 is emphasized. The latest experiment progress on preparation of CO 2 emulsions are introduced. Finally, the advancements in simulation research on replacement is introduced, and the deficiencies of the simulations are pointed. The factors influencing on the replacement with different forms of CO 2 are analyzed and the optimum conditions for the replacement of CH 4 in hydrated with different forms of CO 2 is suggested. Keywords: gas hydrate; replacement; carbon dioxide; feasibility; emulsion; simulation OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 400 Nomenclature: t = time, s X CH 4 /X CO 2 = ratio of CH 4 and CO 2 in the vapor phase (X CH 4 /X CO 2 ) 0 = initial ratio of CH 4 and CO 2 in the vapor phase α = fitting parameter related to the a condensation rate of CH 4 molecules from the vapor phase n CH 4 .H = remaining amount of CH 4 in the hydrate phase, mol n CO 2 .H = amount of CO 2 in the hydrate phase, mol f = fugacity, MPa k Dec = overall rate constant of the decomposition, mol/s·m·MPa k Dec.R = reaction rate constant of decomposition, mol/s·m·MPa k Dec.D = decomposition rate constant of mass transfer in the hydrate phase, mol/s·m·MPa k Form = overall rate constant of the formation, mol/s·m·MPa k Form.R = reaction rate constant of formation, mol/s·m·MPa k Form.D = formation rate constant of mass transfer in the hydrate phase, mol/s·m·MPa A = surface area between the gas and the hydrate phase, m 2 H = hydrate phase G = gas phase

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“…1, right). Neglecting many unanswered questions the substitution seems to work and was proven in small scale lab experiments [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The injected CO 2 remains as immobile gas hydrate within the sediment and the former trapped methane is released and can be produced as free gas.…”

Section: (Right)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Subsea Gas Hydrate Exploitation

et al. 2014

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The recovery of methane from gas hydrate layers that have been detected in several subsea sediments and permafrost regions around the world is a promising perspective to overcome future shortages in natural gas supply. Being aware that conventional natural gas resources are limited, research is going on to develop required and sustainable technologies for the production of natural gas from such new sources since the early 1990s. In recent years, intensive research has focused on the capture and storage of CO 2 from combustion processes to reduce climate impact. While different man-made or natural reservoirs like deep aquifers, exhausted oil and gas deposits or other geological formations are considered to store gaseous or liquid CO 2 , the storage of CO 2 as hydrate in former methane hydrate deposits is another promising alternative. Due to beneficial stability conditions, methane recovery may be well combined with CO 2 storage in the form of hydrates. Regarding technological implementation many problems have to be overcome. Within the scope of the German research project »SUGAR« different technological approaches for the optimized exploitation of gas hydrate deposits are evaluated and compared by means of dynamic system simulations and analysis. Detailed mathematical models for the most relevant chemical and physical processes are developed. The basic mechanisms of gas hydrate formation/ dissociation and heat and mass transport in porous media are considered and implemented into simulation programs. Simulations based on geological field data have been carried out. The effects occurring during gas production and CO 2 storage within a hydrate deposit are identified and described for various scenarios. The behavior of relevant process parameters such as pressure, temperature and phase saturations is discussed for different strategies. Simulation results for different scenarios, e. g. simple depressurization and CO 2 injection, reveal that both the production of natural gas and the CO 2 storage are possible with acceptable rates. In case of simultaneous CO 2 injection an increased production rate can be expected. The results strongly depend on deposit conditions, especially multiphase flow rates are dominated by permeability terms -in other words the reservoir permeability controls production and injection rates. Furthermore, the heat transport within heterogeneous layered deposits leads to enhanced hydrate decomposition and thus higher production rates.

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Using magnetic resonance imaging to monitor CH4 hydrate formation and spontaneous conversion of CH4 hydrate to CO2 hydrate in porous media

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Non-Cartesian sampled centric scan SPRITE imaging with magnetic field gradient and B0(t) field measurements for MRI in the vicinity of metal structures

Non-Cartesian sampled centric scan SPRITE imaging with magnetic field gradient and B0(t) field measurements for MRI in the vicinity of metal structures

A Review on Research on Replacement of CH4 in Natural Gas Hydrates by Use of CO2

Simulation of Subsea Gas Hydrate Exploitation

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