Using Mental Health Indicators to Identify Postdisaster Gender-Based Violence among Women Displaced by Hurricane Katrina

Anastario, Michael; Larrance, Ryan; Lawry, Lynn

doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0694

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Rather, we used mental health measures to cross-validate our measures of GBV. 13 Our overall measure of GBV and IPV showed consistent relations across time periods with major depressive disorder, severity of major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation. Key to these associations was the insignificant interaction term between time of survey and mental health symptoms, suggesting that the relation between mental health and GBV was consistent across time periods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Disasters

Anastario¹,

Shehab²,

Lawry³

2009

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Planning, Rosborough et al discuss challenges to measuring and reporting on gender-based violence (GBV) in disasteraffected populations. 1 The authors also comment on our research contribution, which documented an increase in GBV among female internally displaced people following Hurricane Katrina well into a protracted phase of displacement. 2 We greatly appreciate the editorialists' commentary and summary of the salient barriers to adequately assessing the prevalence of GBV in the context of disasters. Here, we seek to clarify our methods and choice of baseline GBV prevalence estimates. 3

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mentioning

confidence: 57%

Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Disasters

Anastario¹,

Shehab²,

Lawry³

2009

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…Further, research suggests self-esteem can influence women's and girls’ likelihood of violence victimization, a risk that is already elevated in humanitarian settings (Marsh et al 2006 ). A study examining risk factors for experiencing gender-based violence (GBV) post-hurricane Katrina found that women with low self-esteem had 2.3 greater odds of exposure to GBV than did women with high self-esteem (Anastario et al 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia

et al. 2018

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Background.Evidence suggests adolescent self-esteem is influenced by beliefs of how individuals in their reference group perceive them. However, few studies examine how gender- and violence-related social norms affect self-esteem among refugee populations. This paper explores relationships between gender inequitable and victim-blaming social norms, personal attitudes, and self-esteem among adolescent girls participating in a life skills program in three Ethiopian refugee camps.Methods.Ordinary least squares multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the associations between attitudes and social norms, and self-esteem. Key independent variables of interest included a scale measuring personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms, a measure of perceived injunctive norms capturing how a girl believed her family and community would react if she was raped, and a peer-group measure of collective descriptive norms surrounding gender inequity. The key outcome variable, self-esteem, was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.Results.Girl's personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms were not significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline, when adjusting for other covariates. Collective peer norms surrounding the same gender inequitable statements were significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline (ß = −0.130; p = 0.024). Additionally, perceived injunctive norms surrounding family and community-based sanctions for victims of forced sex were associated with a decline in self-esteem at endline (ß = −0.103; p = 0.014). Significant findings for collective descriptive norms and injunctive norms remained when controlling for all three constructs simultaneously.Conclusions.Findings suggest shifting collective norms around gender inequity, particularly at the community and peer levels, may sustainably support the safety and well-being of adolescent girls in refugee settings.

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“…Displaced women in "temporary" housing in Louisiana reported rape at triple the rate expected on a population basis since their displacement [42]. In a similar study on displaced women, Anastario, Larrance and Lawry [33] found that nearly one in five women had been subject to sexual violence after the hurricane, among them, those most subject to post-disaster abuse were women of color. In a study of parenting post-Hurricane Katrina, Peek and Fothergill [43] found that, while women of all races and class backgrounds were primarily responsible for childcare, low-income African American women were more likely to be displaced, and to have fewer resources and agency in decision-making.…”

Section: Gender Based Violence (Gbv)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Formal laws and regulations intersect with cultural and social norms to influence people's behavior, which is well evidenced during disasters [19,20] and sustainable development [26] Displacement ‚ Displacement and housing tenure are factors influencing gender based violence during and after disasters and crises across development contexts [30][31][32][33][34] …”

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confidence: 99%

Economic Efficiency or Gender Equality: Conceptualizing an Equitable “Social Framing” for Economic Evaluations to Support Gender Equality in Disaster Risk- and Environmental-Management Decision-Making

Shreve

2016

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Abstract:It is unlikely that cost-benefit approaches will be effective in identifying investments that support gender equality without a relevant "social framing". Criteria for a "social framing" are lacking, yet cost-benefit approaches often guide investment decisions for disaster risk and environmental management. Mainstream approaches typically do a poor job identifying and characterizing costs and benefits, and often fail to address distributive concerns (i.e., how costs and benefits may be distributed throughout society, to whom, etc.). Gender-blind investments may project responsibility for equality "problems" onto one sex, potentially augmenting gender inequalities and disaster risk. This article examines evidence from the gender, disaster, and development literature to identify distributive concerns and criteria for an equitable "social framing" for economic evaluations. Primary distributive concerns identified regard assumptions of women's homogeneity, agency, "active" participation, and the influence of customary practice and displacement on disaster vulnerability. The need for a "gender-responsive" "social framing" that considers the needs of men and women in relation to one another is evident. Second, cost-benefit studies focused on gender equality concerns are reviewed and the "social framing" is critiqued. Results show most studies are not "gender-responsive". Women's health concerns, often exacerbated by disasters, are sidelined by assumptions regarding distributive concerns and reductive outcome measures.

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Using Mental Health Indicators to Identify Postdisaster Gender-Based Violence among Women Displaced by Hurricane Katrina

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Disasters

Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Disasters

How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia

Economic Efficiency or Gender Equality: Conceptualizing an Equitable “Social Framing” for Economic Evaluations to Support Gender Equality in Disaster Risk- and Environmental-Management Decision-Making

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