Using open source data to estimate the global epidemiology of pertussis

Abstract

Introduction: Pertussis is a highly infectious disease that remains endemic despite rising vaccination rates globally. Due to the lack of global surveillance data for pertussis, the unconventional use of open-source data gives a glimpse into global outbreaks, compensating for the lack of national reporting systems in some countries. The objective of the study is to describe the global reporting of pertussis through open source data. Methods: An open-source database, EpiWATCH was used to analyse global outbreaks of pertussis. Data was retrieved on pertussis and analysed on multiple epidemiological factors from 2016 to 2019. In addition, incidence rates were calculated for each country and compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) public domain data on global reported cases. Results: A total of 96 reports were collected globally between the years 2016 to 2019. Of those reports, 95.8% (92/96) were from high-income countries. Data from the United States comprised 59.3% (57/96) of the total reports. In addition, prevalence rates were calculated for each country and compared to the WHO's public domain data on global reported cases. An outbreak report was identified in Papua New Guinea, which was not reported in the WHO's surveillance. Discussion: Open-source data gives insight and analysis on pertussis outbreaks globally, given there is no formal global surveillance system for pertussis. There is a bias toward reports from high income countries in open source data. However, the timeliness of reporting coupled with assisting countries with lacking national reporting systems are benefits of open source data.

Assessing the Underestimation of Adult Pertussis Disease in Five Latin American Countries

“…However, comparison of pertussis incidence between countries is difficult because of factors such as differences in case definitions, diagnosis methods, and reporting systems [ 39 ]. Open-source data may provide useful information on pertussis outbreaks globally, especially in countries that lack national surveillance systems [ 44 ]. Most studies of the cost-effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in adolescents and adults attempt to take account of underreporting of pertussis cases in these age groups.…”

Understanding the impact of adult pertussis and current approaches to vaccination: A narrative review and expert panel recommendations

“…The epidemiology of pertussis among all age groups is not well known; there is a lack of global surveillance data for pertussis, as many countries have neither obligatory notification nor national reporting systems in place. 29 Data collected by global and local authorities over the past four decades highlight the growing burden of pertussis (Table S1). Even though pertussis is a notifiable disease in some countries, reported case rates are much lower than actual true incidence rates due to lack of recognition, missed diagnosis, and underreporting in clinical practice (Table S1).…”