Using operations research to optimise operation of the Norwegian natural gas system

Nørstebø, Vibeke Stærkebye; Rømo, Frode; Hellemo, Lars

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2010.05.004

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The circle and the asterisk show the minimal and the maximal value for the mass flow. The data for the compressor map in up state were obtained from [15] using the software from [16].…”

Section: Compressor Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-Sharing With Degradation Management in a Compressor Station

Zagórowska

Haugen²,

Skourup³

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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Management of compressor degradation is often considered from the perspective of maintenance of the compressor, but most frameworks for the operation of compressors do not take degradation into account.This paper proposes a method for operation of compressors that takes into account the current level of degradation in order to manage further degradation. The algorithm can be used in maintenance planning frameworks, in particular if the timings of maintenance activities are fixed. The algorithm can extend the lifetime of a compressor by mitigating its degradation, or, conversely, can intensify the degradation to reach the maximum level in time for planned maintenance.The performance of the algorithm has been demonstrated in a case study for five compressors. A comparison with equal load approach shows that the new algorithm improves the operation of the system by managing the degradation of selected compressors. Explicit management of degradation allows an extension of the lifetime of selected compressors before maintenance must be performed. Conversely, by ensuring that the desired level of degradation is attained before pre-planned maintenance actions, it contributes to increased efficacy of maintenance actions.

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“…The circle and the asterisk show the minimal and the maximal value for the mass flow. The data for the compressor map in up state were obtained from [15] using the software from [16].…”

Section: Compressor Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load-Sharing With Degradation Management in a Compressor Station

Zagórowska

Haugen²,

Skourup³

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng.

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“…However, the main difficulty is that appropriate linear approximations must be adopted for nonlinear functions. To this end, Möller [12], Martin et al [13], Tomasgard [14], and Nørstebø [15] et al used piecewise approximation to deal with the nonlinear functions in the model. Mikolajková et al [16] proposed a linearization method for solving MINLP problems.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A General MINLP Model for the Multiway Valve Channel‐Limited Location‐Allocation Problem

Zhu

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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As an important aspect of oil and gas field construction, oil and gas field surface engineering often affects the efficiency and safety of oil and gas production, and it requires a large investment. In the past, much work has been done on layout optimization for gathering pipeline networks. However, few studies have considered multiway valves in the optimization of pipeline networks. Compared to traditional metering processes, a process using multiway valves can reduce construction and operation costs and enable automation of the well-selection operation. In this paper, an MINLP model is established in which the number of multiway valves and their numbers of channels are considered special constraints and the number of multiway valves and the associations between wells and multiway valves are treated as optimization variables. A specific heuristic algorithm for solving this problem is also proposed in this paper. We consider the coordinates of real-world wells and of randomly generated well locations as different examples to analyze the performance of this algorithm. These examples demonstrate that the algorithm can initially adjust the network through single-step iteration, while double-step iteration is efficient when all channels of a multiway valve have been associated with pipelines, and multistep iteration can help the objective function escape from local optima. Finally, numerical analysis results prove that the proposed algorithm can be used to efficiently solve the problem of interest and exhibits stable convergence.

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“…These simplifications involve replacing Equations (13)-(15) with simpler bounds that ignore compressor speed altogether. Some simplifications include reducing the operating window to just an upper limit on the compressor exit gas pressure [12], putting an upper and lower limit on compressor head or power [24,25], or approximating the operating window by a linearly bounded convex region [23].…”

Section: Compressor Operating Envelopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that many FCMP models use a simplification of the compressor operating envelop that ignores compressor speed, the method of calculating compressor efficiency often must be simplified as well. Such simplifications include capturing the compressor efficiency dynamics using a simpler polynomial function of compressor mass flow rate, inlet pressure, and outlet pressure [23], or assuming the compressor efficiency to be constant [8,[25][26][27]. The compressor efficiency contour lines in Figure 4 show that there is a large variation in efficiency across the operating envelop which is lost by assuming a constant efficiency.…”

Section: Compressor Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximating Nonlinear Relationships for Optimal Operation of Natural Gas Transport Networks

Kazda

2018

Processes

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The compressor fuel cost minimization problem (FCMP) for natural gas pipelines is a relevant problem because of the substantial energy consumption of compressor stations transporting the large global demand for natural gas. The common method for modeling the FCMP is to assume key modeling parameters such as the friction factor, compressibility factor, isentropic exponent, and compressor efficiency to be constants, and their nonlinear relationships to the system operating conditions are ignored. Previous work has avoided the complexity associated with the nonlinear relationships inherent in the FCMP to avoid unreasonably long solution times for practical transportation systems. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) based method is introduced to generate piecewise-linear functions that approximate the previously ignored nonlinear relationships. The MILP determines the optimal break-points and orientation of the linear segments so that approximation error is minimized. A novel FCMP model that includes the piecewise-linear approximations is applied in a case study on three simple gas networks. The case study shows that the novel FCMP model captures the nonlinear relationships with a high degree of accuracy and only marginally increases solution time compared to the common simplified FCMP model. The common simplified model is found to produce solutions with high error and infeasibility when applied on a rigorous simulation.Processes 2018, 6, 198 2 of 31 constraints and physical equipment limitations. With an estimated 3-5% of all natural gas transported by transmission pipelines consumed by the compressor stations responsible for maintaining gas flow, substantial energy and cost savings can be realized through optimizing the FCMP. It has been estimated that at least a 20% reduction in compressor station fuel consumption can be obtained through global optimization of pipeline operation [2].The FCMP is a difficult optimization problem because real pipeline systems have complex network topographies, integer variables are required to represent the pipeline binary operating states (bi-directional flow, ON/OFF compressor units), and gas and compressor physics are governed by highly nonlinear equations. The FCMP is most appropriately modeled as a nonlinear program (NLP) or mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP), depending on whether bi-directional flow or ON/OFF compressor units are considered [3]. Given the complexity of the FCMP model, current algorithms can only solve simplified versions for networks large enough to have practical importance. With this, there are numerous simplifications of model parameters that are broadly accepted across FCMP literature because of the computational savings they provide. However, upon inspection of the error such simplifications introduce to the model, the ability for the model to provide a useful representation of the real system is brought into question.There has been virtually no previous work done on methods of approximating the nonlinear relationships inherent in...

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Using operations research to optimise operation of the Norwegian natural gas system

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Load-Sharing With Degradation Management in a Compressor Station

Load-Sharing With Degradation Management in a Compressor Station

A General MINLP Model for the Multiway Valve Channel‐Limited Location‐Allocation Problem

Approximating Nonlinear Relationships for Optimal Operation of Natural Gas Transport Networks

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