Using origami design principles to fold reprogrammable mechanical metamaterials

Silverberg, Jesse L.; Evans, Arthur A.; McLeod, Robert R.; Hayward, Ryan C.; Hull, Thomas; Santangelo, Christian; Cohen, Itai

doi:10.1126/science.1252876

Cited by 825 publications

(583 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While most of the proposed origami-inspired metamaterials are based on 2D folding patterns, such as the miura-ori, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the square twist 18 and the box-pleat tiling, 19 it has been shown that cellular structures can be designed by stacking these folded layers, 13 or assembling them in tubes. [20][21][22][23] Furthermore, by taking inspiration from snapology 24,25 -a modular origami technique -a highly reconfigurable 3D metamaterial assembled from extruded cubes has been designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials

Overvelde

Weaver²,

Hoberman

et al. 2017

Nature

288

182

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Advances in fabrication technologies are enabling the production of architected materials with unprecedented properties. While most of these materials are characterized by a fixed geometry, an intriguing avenue is to incorporate internal mechanisms capable of reconfiguring their spatial architecture, therefore enabling tunable functionality. Inspired by the structural diversity and foldability of the prismatic geometries that can be constructed using the snapology origami-technique, here we introduce a robust design strategy based on space-filling polyhedra to create 3D reconfigurable materials comprising a periodic assembly of rigid plates and elastic hinges. Guided by numerical analysis and physical prototypes, we systematically explore the mobility of the designed structures and identify a wide range of qualitatively different deformations and internal rearrangements. Given that the underlying principles are scale-independent, our strategy can be applied to design the next generation of reconfigurable structures and materials, ranging from transformable meter-scale architectures to nanoscale tunable photonic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials

Overvelde

Weaver²,

Hoberman

et al. 2017

Nature

288

182

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“…The consequences of this coupling are seen in both naturally occurring scenarios, such as intestinal villi and pollen grains (4,5), and find use in man-made structures such as programmable metamaterials (6)(7)(8)(9). When these shells have multistable configurations, the transition between them is opposed by geometrically enhanced rigidity resulting from the dominant stretching energy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrically controlled snapping transitions in shells with curved creases

Bende

Evans

Innes-Gold

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Curvature and mechanics are intimately connected for thin materials, and this coupling between geometry and physical properties is readily seen in folded structures from intestinal villi and pollen grains to wrinkled membranes and programmable metamaterials. While the well-known rules and mechanisms behind folding a flat surface have been used to create deployable structures and shape transformable materials, folding of curved shells is still not fundamentally understood. Shells naturally deform by simultaneously bending and stretching, and while this coupling gives them great stability for engineering applications, it makes folding a surface of arbitrary curvature a nontrivial task. Here we discuss the geometry of folding a creased shell, and demonstrate theoretically the conditions under which it may fold smoothly. When these conditions are violated we show, using experiments and simulations, that shells undergo rapid snapping motion to fold from one stable configuration to another. Although material asymmetry is a proven mechanism for creating this bifurcation of stability, for the case of a creased shell, the inherent geometry itself serves as a barrier to folding. We discuss here how two fundamental geometric concepts, creases and curvature, combine to allow rapid transitions from one stable state to another. Independent of material system and length scale, the design rule that we introduce here explains how to generate snapping transitions in arbitrary surfaces, thus facilitating the creation of programmable multistable materials with fast actuation capabilities.C urved shells are generally used to enhance structural stability (1-3), because the coupling between bending and stretching makes them energetically costly to deform. The consequences of this coupling are seen in both naturally occurring scenarios, such as intestinal villi and pollen grains (4, 5), and find use in man-made structures such as programmable metamaterials (6-9). When these shells have multistable configurations, the transition between them is opposed by geometrically enhanced rigidity resulting from the dominant stretching energy. Often, even for relatively small range of deformation, stretching leads to the high forces and rapid acceleration associated with a "snap-through" transition in many natural and man-made phenomena (10-17). For example, Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) use this mechanism to generate a snapping motion to close their leaves (11), hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) twist and rotate their curved beaks to catch insect prey (14), and engineered microlenses use a combination of bending and stretching energy to rapidly switch from convex to concave shapes to tune their optical properties (12). Despite the ability to engineer bistability and snapping transitions in a variety of systems by using prestress or material anisotropy (18-24), a general geometric design rule for creating a snap between stable states of arbitrary surfaces does not exist. This stands in stark contrast to the well-known rules and consequences fo...

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“…For example, rigid origami systems are defined as those having a kinematic deformation mode in which movement is concentrated along the fold lines, whereas the panels remain flat (20,21). Among various rigid folding patterns, the Miura-ori has attracted attention for its folding characteristics (22,23), elastic stiffness properties beyond rigid folding (24,25), geometric versatility (26,27), and intrinsic material-like characteristics (28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origami tubes assembled into stiff, yet reconfigurable structures and metamaterials

Filipov

Tachi

Paulino

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

512

290

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Thin sheets have long been known to experience an increase in stiffness when they are bent, buckled, or assembled into smaller interlocking structures. We introduce a unique orientation for coupling rigidly foldable origami tubes in a “zipper” fashion that substantially increases the system stiffness and permits only one flexible deformation mode through which the structure can deploy. The flexible deployment of the tubular structures is permitted by localized bending of the origami along prescribed fold lines. All other deformation modes, such as global bending and twisting of the structural system, are substantially stiffer because the tubular assemblages are overconstrained and the thin sheets become engaged in tension and compression. The zipper-coupled tubes yield an unusually large eigenvalue bandgap that represents the unique difference in stiffness between deformation modes. Furthermore, we couple compatible origami tubes into a variety of cellular assemblages that can enhance mechanical characteristics and geometric versatility, leading to a potential design paradigm for structures and metamaterials that can be deployed, stiffened, and tuned. The enhanced mechanical properties, versatility, and adaptivity of these thin sheet systems can provide practical solutions of varying geometric scales in science and engineering.

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Using origami design principles to fold reprogrammable mechanical metamaterials

Cited by 825 publications

References 29 publications

Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials

Rational design of reconfigurable prismatic architected materials

Geometrically controlled snapping transitions in shells with curved creases

Origami tubes assembled into stiff, yet reconfigurable structures and metamaterials

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