“…Animation and simulation play an important role in visualizing the sub-microscopic level which plays an important role in the teaching and learning process of chemistry in the classroom (Liu et al, 2021;Moore et al, 2014). Interactive simulations make it easier for students to represent phenomena at the sub-microscopic level, make invisible things visible, play a role in the investigation process, and allow several experiments to be carried out with fast feedback while being interesting and fun for students and teachers (Correia et al, 2019;Nuraida et al, 2021;Pratiwi et al, 2023). In addition, interactive simulations are easily accessible online, allowing users to use them flexibly.…”