Using Poultry Litter in Black Walnut Nutrient Management

Abstract

Poultry litter was evaluated as a fertilizer in a young (three-year-old) and an old (35-yearold) black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantation in southwest Missouri. The older planting had a fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) ground cover that is grazed by cattle. In the young plantation, weeds were mowed and sprayed with herbicides once annually in the spring. Litter was applied at rates of 6.72 Mg ha −1 and 13.44 Mg ha −1 for one year in the spring in the young plantation and at 8.96 Mg ha −1 for two years in the spring and once in late summer in the older plantation. Height growth and leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were improved during the summer following litter applications in the young plantation, but neither diameter growth nor nut production increased in the older plantation. Second-year height growth treatment differences for the young plantation were not significant. The number of nuts increased in the second year, but differences between treatments were not significant.

Optimization of extraction yield and chemical characterization of optimal extract from Juglans nigra L. leaves

“…The macro-and micro-element contents in leaves sample of J. nigra, together with the coefficients of ethanol extraction, are presented in Table 7. Results obtained in this study were different from mineral values which were previously reported in J. nigra leaves (Ponder Jr. et al, 1979;2005). These differences between cultivars are probably the result of different cultivation conditions (land composition, geographical variations), as well as the application of different analytical procedures and methods (Ponder Jr. et al, 2005).…”

“…Thus the majority of chemical research was focused on the fresh kernel of J. nigra (Rorabaughet al, 2011;Nwosu et al, 2015). However, despite a very diverse phytochemical composition of J. nigra leaves (Gavrilović et al, 2018;Ponder Jr et al, 1979;2005), there is no detailed chemical analysis. Gavrilović and coworkers (2018) optimized total phenolic extraction from J. nigra leaves in order to examine their antioxidant potential.…”

A review of suitable companion crops for black walnut

“…The application of poultry litter to a 35 year old stand of black walnuts in Missouri failed to produce significant differences in nut yield or diameter growth (Ponder et al 2005). Furthermore, the livestock will require food that can only be grown in sunny locations.…”

“…This suggests that beef producers likely would not sacrifice livestock production when they graze animals under 6-7 year old pine and walnut trees compared to open pasture. After chicken manure was applied as a fertilizer to a young (3-year-old) Black Walnut plantation in Missouri, total height and leaf nitrogen concentrations increased during the summer, suggesting that poultry manure is valuable as a fertilizer during establishment of young walnut plantations (Ponder et al 2005). In addition to being a suitable environment for poultry, a modular or free-range chicken pasture might also benefit young black walnut trees.…”

Enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity under changing climate conditions through improved agroforestry practices in smallholder farming systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…They equally discovered that, agroforestry systems bolster animal welfare as the multifunctional role of trees provides animals with resources like shelter from the rain and wind, shade from the sun, different foraging materials, and hideouts from predators. The trees can also benefit from the interaction with animals in a silvipastoral agroforestry system, as the excrements of the animals contribute to fertilize the trees and thus enhancing growth compared to a treeless rangeland (Ponder et al, 2005). This mutually beneficial relationship contributes to enhance the productivity of the system.…”