“…Several different approaches utilizing both textual (lexical or syntactic) and acoustic (prosodic) information have been proposed. The proposed techniques include hidden Markov models (HMMs) (Shriberg et al, 2000;Kim and Woodland, 2003), multilayer perceptrons (Warnke et al, 1997;Srivastava and Kubala, 2003), maximum entropy (Huang and Zweig, 2002;Liu et al, 2004), conditional random fields (Liu et al, 2005;Zimmermann, 2009), support vector machines (Akita et al, 2006;Magimai-Doss et al, 2007), and adaptive boosting (Zimmermann et al, 2006;Kolář et al, 2006b). Syntactic information has been used in (Roark et al, 2006;Favre et al, 2008).…”