Using real-time mobile phone data to characterize the relationships between small-scale farmers’ planting dates and socio-environmental factors

Anomaly Detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) in IoT Network Using Machine Learning

“…RF can offer a measure of feature relevance and be highly parallelizable and less susceptible to outliers and noise. As a result of their capacity to process high-dimensional data, nonlinear connections, and noisy datasets, they nd widespread usage in various applications (Krell et al, 2022).…”

Assessment of the relations between crop yield variability and the onset and intensity of the West African Monsoon

“…High inter-annual variation in rainfall characteristics such as onset and cessation dates, length of the growing period, probability of mid-season breaks, and frequency of extreme events constrains on-farm key operations such as sowing and other tactical management such as fertilizer applications during the season. This results in poor planning and management of agricultural activities during the growing season which, in turn, often leads to poor crop productivity, and low yield quality and quantity (Krell et al, 2022).…”

“…However, their knowledge to define and predict the monsoon onset is limited to traditional methods such as the flowering of some trees, the appearance of specific insects, the speed and direction of winds, etc., (Agbodan et al, 2020;Elia et al, 2014) whose predictive skill decreases significantly with a recent increase in both temperature and rainfall variability in the region (Ahmed et al, 2021;Mertz et al, 2008;Nouaceur and Murarescu, 2021;Porkka et al, 2021). Thus, the most accurate method of defining the monsoon onset is desirable because the monsoon onset has become a key driver of food security and livelihood for smallholder farmers (Krell et al, 2022).…”

“…Traditionally, smallholder farmers may sow their crops when they perceive that the rainy season has started mostly after receiving the first rain or a few days after the first rain (Lamega et al, 2021;Stern et al, 1981). The reliability of such kind of practices has been decreasing due to the increasing frequency of false starts which are often followed by prolonged dry spells after the first rains (Porkka et al, 2021) which create crop water stresses that, depending on their severity and timing, lead to failure or poor germination of the planted seeds (Krell et al, 2022). Therefore, the optimum sowing date should be characterized by a low probability of occurrence of long dry spells after sowing and has a higher probability of receiving continuous rainfall to accumulate enough soil moisture for germination, crop growth, and yield formation (Rötter and Van Keulen, 1997;Vega et al, 2020).…”