Using Reflexive Thinking to Establish Rigor in Qualitative Research

Rettke, Horst; Pretto, Manuela; Spichiger, Elisabeth; Frei, Irena Anna; Spirig, Rebecca

doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000307

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The analysis was supported by the memorandums written during the entire analytical process. During the analysis, the researchers applied reflexivity so as to avoid biases related to their experience of the phenomenon under study (Rettke, Pretto, Spichiger, Frei, & Spirig, 2018).…”

Section: Rigourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators involved in standardised care plan individualisation process in acute hospitalisation wards: A grounded theory approach

Castellà-Creus

Delgado‐Hito

Casanovas-Cuellar

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Objective To identify and classify the barriers and facilitators of the individualisation process of the standardised care plan in hospitalisation wards. Background The administration of individualised care is one of the features of the nursing process. Care plans are the structured record of the diagnosis, planning and evaluation stages of the nursing process. Although the creation of standardised care plan has made recording easier, it is still necessary to record the individualisation of the care. It is important to study the elements that influence the individualisation process from the nurses' perspective. Design Qualitative study with the grounded theory approach developed by Strauss and Corbin. Methods Thirty‐nine nurses from three hospitals participated by way of theoretical sampling. In‐depth interviews were conducted, as well as participant observation, document analysis and focus group discussion. The analysis consisted of open, axial and selective coding until data saturation was reached. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) were applied. Results For both barriers and facilitators, three thematic categories emerged related to organisational, professional and individual aspects. The identified barriers included routines acquired in the wards, the tradition of narrative records, lack of knowledge and limited interest in individualisation. The identified facilitators included holding clinical care sessions, use of standardised care plan and an interface terminology, the nurse's expertise and willingness to individualise. Conclusion The individualisation process of the standardised care plan involves multiple barriers and facilitators, which influence its degree of accuracy. Relevance to clinical practice Implementing strategies at an organisational level, professional level and individual level to improve the way the process is carried out would encourage individualising the standardised care plan in a manner that is consistent with the needs of the patient and family; it would improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction.

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Section: Rigourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators involved in standardised care plan individualisation process in acute hospitalisation wards: A grounded theory approach

Castellà-Creus

Delgado‐Hito

Casanovas-Cuellar

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Rigor was maintained by employing member checking, maximum variation sampling strategy, and 20% of the transcripts (six transcripts) were randomly selected and underwent a quality control check. Reflexivity was maintained by articulating researcher's positionality, and acknowledging her gender, culture, professional history, interest in women's reproductive health, and approach to presenting the results [24]. The researcher's medical and public health professional background was helpful as the participants were more amenable to talk about themselves and their SRH issues.…”

Section: Qualitative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misconceptions and Unmet Need for Modern Contraception among Cambodian Females: A Mix Methods Study

Rizvi

Williams

Bowe

et al. 2020

Sexes

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(1) Background: Women using unreliable traditional contraception need to be included in the proportion of women having an ‘unmet need for modern contraception’ instead of the current classification which presumes they have a ‘met need’. (2) Methods: Mix methods research design comprising initial quantitative analyses utilizing data from the nationally representative 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) for 4823 Cambodian, sexually active females aged 15–29 years. Then a qualitative phase explored knowledge about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception with 30 females aged 15–29 years in urban Cambodia using semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim with quality checks. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used until data saturation was reached. Inductive thematic data analysis was conducted; (3) Results: Unmet need for modern contraception increased to 25.4% when traditional contraception users were included. The qualitative themes show women have a lack of information about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception which contributed to increased use of traditional contraception; (4) Conclusion: Major drivers of increased unmet need for modern contraception include lack of literacy, misconceptions and low autonomy to choose modern contraception. Cambodia needs to endorse a policy shift to implement targeted, countrywide sexual and reproductive health literacy and family planning services.

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“…The analysis was supported by the memorandums written during the entire analytical process. To avoid biases related to their experiences of the phenomenon under study, the researchers applied re exivity during the analysis [42].…”

Section: Rigourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Strategies and Perceived Barriers of women hospitality workplaces employees to sexual harassment in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A Ground Theory Approach

Worke

Debelew

Koricha

2020

Preprint

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Background: Coping strategies of sexual harassment are determined by the person, environment, and cognitive reappraisal. Consequently, the issue of how women victims cope with the problem is still unsettled worldwide. Women were disproportionately victims of sexual harassment in the hospitality industries, and the issue of response is at an earlier phase in low and middle-income countries, and particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to develop a context speciﬁc and data-driven coping strategy framework for sexual harassment victimization against women working in the hospitality workplaces.Methods: We conducted a qualitative, grounded theory approach to guide the study process. The data were collected from women, managers, cashiers, and customers. We use a semi-structured, specific audience, and focus group discussion guides. A constant comparative approach was used to summarize data and describe meanings. ATLAS. ti version 8.4.24 software package was used for data coding categorizing, and visualizing networks.Results: The analysis provided a context speciﬁc coping strategic framework, which consists of, closely interconnected, four dimensions practiced by women hospitality employees. The dimensions were normalization, engagement, help-seeking, and detachment with the respective barriers. The normalization dimension encompasses silence, acceptance, denial, refusal, grief, and tolerance. Likewise, the engagement dimension consists of confrontation, negotiation, retaliation/threatening, and discrimination of the perpetrators. The help-seeking dimension also involves elements such as discussing with friends, complaining to supervisors, consulting professionals, and accusing the perpetrators. Finally, the detachment dimension entails job-hopping, job withdrawal, work withdrawal, and distancing. A variety of barriers deterred all dimensions. However, normalization was facilitated by some factors, and adverse outcomes ended the engagement dimension of coping.Conclusion: The sexual harassment coping capacities of women employees have been unclear, which left no whole for the stakeholders to intervene. The new coping strategic framework can serve as a valuable guide to design context-speciﬁc interventions that make the women and the stakeholders prevent sexual harassment, decrease the barriers, and alleviate effects.

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Using Reflexive Thinking to Establish Rigor in Qualitative Research

Abstract: Effective strategical use of reflexive thinking takes concerted effort. Both time and space are essential to applying reflexive thinking throughout the qualitative research process.

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Barriers and facilitators involved in standardised care plan individualisation process in acute hospitalisation wards: A grounded theory approach

Barriers and facilitators involved in standardised care plan individualisation process in acute hospitalisation wards: A grounded theory approach

Misconceptions and Unmet Need for Modern Contraception among Cambodian Females: A Mix Methods Study

Coping Strategies and Perceived Barriers of women hospitality workplaces employees to sexual harassment in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A Ground Theory Approach

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