Using Remote Sensing to Map and Monitor Water Resources in Arid and Semiarid Regions

Klemas, V.; Pieterse, Aline

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_2

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The correlation coefficient between VCI and SMCI is more than 0.89, revealing a strong positive correlation between the two indices. This result conforms to the fact that soil–water content during the rainy season plays a significant role in controlling vegetation status in arid areas, where vegetation growth is heavily dependent on water availability (Klemas & Pieterse, ). Generally, VCI shows low values in the entire region as a consequence of dry climate and traditional agricultural practices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Some other studies have reported a lagged VCI response to soil moisture conditions due to the buffer effect of soil–water storage for vegetation growth response to drought (Anderson et al, ). For wet regions with more soil–water storage and higher buffer effects, drought impacts on deep‐rooted vegetation usually require a prolonged period of lower‐than‐normal precipitation (Klemas & Pieterse, ). However, most of this study region has a dry climate and experiences a prolonged dry period nearly every year, which results in a lower buffer effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

et al. 2018

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North Darfur of Sudan is located on the edge of the Sahara Desert and endures frequent droughts due to water shortages and high summer temperatures. Monitoring and understanding drought characteristics are essential for integrated drought risk mitigation and prevetion of land degradation. This study evaluates drought conditions in North Darfur by analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of drought using three drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, Vegetation Condition Index, and Soil Moisture Content Index) and their combined drought index (CDI) from 2004 to 2013. Biophysical and socioeconomic indicators are further used to measure vulnerability to drought risk and its three components (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) through a comprehensive risk assessment framework. The results show that most of North Darfur has experienced prolonged droughts during the study period, especially from 2007 to 2011. There is also a significant correlation between the monsoon season CDI and annual crop yield anomaly. The results confirm the validity of the CDI index, which provides a comprehensive description of the drought situation by combing four drought indices quantifying different drought aspects. The vulnerability results show that the majority of this region is highly exposed and sensitive to drought risks. In particular, the northern zone of the region is highly vulnerable, which is categorized by less‐crop diversity, higher land degradation, frequent droughts, and high‐poverty levels. This study provides valuable information for coping with climate change‐induced drought risk in this region and demonstrates that there is still a large room for enhancing the adaptation capacity in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

et al. 2018

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“…Nonetheless, doing fieldwork in these areas might neither be possible (due to accessibility) nor relevant if the field work campaign is not executed at the exact same time of the image acquisition, as water can evaporate very quickly, especially during the summer season. Radar is more sensitive to water content than optical imagery, and therefore it can detect water that cannot be easily discriminated in the visible or NIR part of the spectrum [48]. Furthermore, the chlorophyll activity and leaf structure can also affect the reflectance in optical imagery whereas for SAR these factors play a secondary role on the backscatter registered by the sensor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational Surface Water Detection and Monitoring Using Radarsat 2

et al. 2016

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Traditional on-site methods for mapping and monitoring surface water extent are prohibitively expensive at a national scale within Canada. Despite successful cost-sharing programs between the provinces and the federal government, an extensive number of water features within the country remain unmonitored. Particularly difficult to monitor are the potholes in the Canadian Prairie region, most of which are ephemeral in nature and represent a discontinuous flow that influences water pathways, runoff response, flooding and local weather. Radarsat-2 and the Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) offer unique capabilities to map the extent of water bodies at a national scale, including unmonitored sites, and leverage the current infrastructure of the Meteorological Service of Canada to monitor water information in remote regions. An analysis of the technical requirements of the Radarsat-2 beam mode, polarization and resolution is presented. A threshold-based procedure to map locations of non-vegetated water bodies after the ice break-up is used and complemented with a texture-based indicator to capture the most homogeneous water areas and automatically delineate their extents. Some strategies to cope with the radiometric artifacts of noise inherent to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are also discussed. Our results show that Radarsat-2 Fine mode can capture 88% of the total water area in a fully automated way. This will greatly improve current operational procedures for surface water monitoring information and impact a number of applications including weather forecasting, hydrological modeling, and drought/flood predictions.

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“…ALB surveys are affected by environmental conditions such as floods, rain and snow and by water turbidity, since dissolved and suspended organic material affect negatively the river bottom reflection [16]. Despite these drawbacks, ALB it is still considered more cost-effective than conventional methods due to the coverage of data obtained per unit of effort [12,17]. Therefore, the use of ALB data in fish habitat quality models can support a cost-effective design of mitigation and restoration measures, in terms of amount of suitable area created per unit of cost spent and prioritize them based on their performance.…”

Section: Of 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecohydraulic Modelling to Support Fish Habitat Restoration Measures

et al. 2019

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Despite that hydromorphological restoration projects have been implemented since the 1940s, the key to improve the effectiveness of future restoration measures remains a challenge. This is in part related to the lack of adequate aims and objectives together with our limitations in understanding the effects on the physical habitat and ecosystems from interventions. This study shows the potential of using remote sensing techniques combined with hydraulic modelling to evaluate the success of physical restoration measures using habitat suitability as a quantifiable objective. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) was used to build a high-resolution two-dimensional model for Ljungan River, Sweden, using HEC-RAS 5.0. Two types of instream restoration measures were simulated according to the physical measures carried out in the river to improve salmonid habitat: (a) stones and rocks were moved from the bank sides to the main channel, and (b) a concrete wall was broken to open two channels to connect a side channel with the main river. Results showed that the hydraulic model could potentially be used to simulate the hydraulic conditions before and after instream modifications were implemented. A general improvement was found for the potential suitable habitat based on depth, velocity and shear stress values after the instream measures.

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Using Remote Sensing to Map and Monitor Water Resources in Arid and Semiarid Regions

Cited by 26 publications

References 114 publications

Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

Operational Surface Water Detection and Monitoring Using Radarsat 2

Ecohydraulic Modelling to Support Fish Habitat Restoration Measures

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