Using restrictive messages to limit high-fat foods or nonrestrictive messages to increase fruit and vegetable intake: what works better for postmenopausal women?

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To compare the effects of two dietary approaches on changes in dietary intakes and body weight: (1) an approach emphasizing nonrestrictive messages directed toward the inclusion of fruits and vegetables (HIFV) and (2) another approach using restrictive messages to limit high-fat foods (LOFAT). Subjects/Methods: A total of 68 overweight-obese postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary approaches. The 6-month dietary intervention included three group sessions and ten individual sessions with a dietitian. Dietary food intake and anthropometric variables were measured at baseline, at 3 months and at 6 months. Results: Energy density decreased in both groups after the intervention compared with baseline (HIFV, À0.3±0.2 kcal/g; LOFAT, À0.3 ± 0.3 kcal/g; Po0.0001). Although body weight decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention compared with baseline (HIFV, À1.6±2.9 kg; LOFAT, À3.5±2.9 kg; Po0.0001), women in the LOFAT group lost significantly more body weight than women in the HIFV group (P ¼ 0.01). In the HIFV group, the decrease in energy density was found to be an independent predictor of body weight loss. Conclusions: The LOFAT approach induces more weight loss than does the HIFV approach in our sample of overweight-obese postmenopausal women.

Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: a 12-month randomised controlled trial

“…15,16,29 However, by examining the variation in actual vegetable intake across the study sample, we confirmed similar reported findings 11 that vegetable intake correlated with weight loss (Figure 3). The shifts in macronutrient profile were consistent with an increase in the relative amount of vegetables in a dietary pattern comprising core staple foods, as was advised.…”

Are Changes in Consumption of “Healthy” Foods Related to Changes in Consumption of “Unhealthy” Foods During Pediatric Obesity Treatment?

“…The lack of a relationship between FVs and SFs is consistent with previous research in adults [3,8] and children at-risk for obesity [9]. Results of this study suggest while increasing FVs may increase the nutrient quality of the diet, as FVs are nutrient-dense foods, increasing FVs may not automatically reduce intake of high-energy-dense, non-nutrient-dense foods or energy intake.…”

“…Of the studies conducted mixed results have been found. Several studies were unable to find a significant relationship between consumption of FVs and SFs [3,8,9] while other studies do demonstrate a relationship between intake of FVs and SFs [10,11]. For those studies suggesting that an increase in FVs is related to a decrease in energy-dense foods, analyses have examined changes in dietary intake across time.…”

The Effect of Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Overall Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Furthermore one study reported significant decreases in body weight post-intervention (Lapointe et al, 2010). Dietary intake data from this study showed decreases in energy intakes (-90 kcals) and fat intakes (-2%), however these did not reach statistical significance.…”