Using revegetation to suppress invasive plants in grasslands and forests

Schuster, Michael J.; Wragg, Peter D.; Reich, Peter B.

doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13195

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Using a mixture of native taxa of different sizes at planting time and different sizes at maturity could help to revegetate the herb–shrub stratum, quickly and entirely. Some low and creeping taxa could also be sown or planted tightly to avoid leaving free microsites on the ground (Schuster, Wragg, & Reich, ). Sectors already reforested may be more problematic to manage, and increased monitoring of vegetation evolution and eradication of some taxa, especially the exotic ones, might be required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in spatial structures of plant communities lead to functional homogenization in an urban forest park

Bergeron

Lavoie

Domon

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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Aims:We investigated whether biotic homogenization of plant communities occurs over three decades in a small urban protected forest, and what the possible drivers are underlying the observed changes.Location: A 96 ha temperate forest, Montréal, Canada. Methods:We surveyed vegetation and explanatory variables (ecological conditions, disturbances, spatial structure) in 62 plant communities in 1980 and 2011. We collected plant attributes to identify functional groups (FGs). We evaluated changes in beta diversity using tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. We used space-time interaction models to assess changes in FGs spatial structures. We used multivariate analyses to identify relationship between spatial patterns and explanatory variables, and variation partitioning analyses to identify the drivers involved in beta diversity changes. Results: Beta diversity declined only in the herb-shrub communities. About 35% of their FGs had significantly changed their spatial distribution over time. Those that contracted their distribution were mainly composed of plants with wind-dispersed seeds or with low to intermediate vegetative propagation capabilities, while those that expanded were plants with fleshy fruits or extensive vegetative propagation capabilities. In 1980, communities were structured into small isolated clumps, while in 2011, clumps expanded and coalesced near disturbed areas. In 1980, the spatial assembly processes relied essentially on endogenous factors while in 2011 exogenous factors, such as disturbances, became more influential. Multivariate analyses suggested that edge effect, past agricultural disturbances, and beaver activities facilitated the decrease of beta diversity (homogenization process). Conclusions: The homogenization of herb-shrub communities likely resulted from changes in their clumped spatial structure. FGs with the most adapted attributes to disperse under urban forest conditions were those that expanded spatially. Structural changes seem to have begun with an unpredictable stage governed by dispersal limitation processes, followed by a predictable stage mostly driven by land-use legacy and disturbances. K E Y W O R D S biotic homogenization, bird-dispersed plant, land-use changes, plant community, plant functional group, resampling study, spatial ecology, urban forest, vegetative propagation | 257 Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. Appendix S1. Ecological distances between quadrats and replicates Appendix S2. Plant attributes, sources and methods Appendix S3. Functional groups derived from cluster analysis Appendix S4. Effect of the space-time interaction of each taxon Appendix S5. Examples of taxa spatial distribution changes Appendix S6. Effect of the space-time interaction of functional groups Appendix S7. Examples of functional group spatial distribution changes How to cite this article: Bergeron A, Lavoie C, Domon G, Pellerin S. Changes in spatial structures of plant communities lead to...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in spatial structures of plant communities lead to functional homogenization in an urban forest park

Bergeron

Lavoie

Domon

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…Priority effects still have an important place in restoration. Insertion of native species into a restoration, before non-native species invade, can promote native cover while depressing non-native cover [10,28,29]. In addition, priority effects can be used to promote certain native species when seeded earlier than other native species [4,7,9], but these effects are likely often contingent on factors, including species identity [7,11,18], environmental context [10,12,30], and background levels of invasion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority Treatment Leaves Grassland Restoration Vulnerable to Invasion

Stuble¹,

Young

2020

Diversity

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Priority effects can be used to promote target species during restoration. Early planting can provide an advantage over later-arriving species, increasing abundance of these early-arrivers in restored communities. However, we have limited knowledge of the indirect impacts of priority effects in restoration. In particular, we do not understand how priority effects impact non-target species. Of particular conservation concern is how these priority effects influence establishment by non-native species. We use a field-based mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of priority effects on both target and non-target species in California grasslands. Specifically, we seeded native grasses and forbs, manipulating order of arrival by planting them at the same time, planting forbs one year before grasses, planting grasses one year before forbs, or planting each functional group alone. While our study plots were tilled and weeded for the first year, the regional species pool was heavily invaded. We found that, while early-arrival of native grasses did not promote establishment of non-native species, giving priority to native forbs ultimately left our restoration mesocosms vulnerable to invasion by non-native species. This suggests that, in some cases, establishment of non-native species may be an unintended consequence of using priority treatments as a restoration tool.

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“…Controlling invasive plants is one of the most common (and sometimes the most important) restoration intervention (D'Antonio, August‐Schmidt, & Fernandez‐Going, 2016), as these plants may hinder the development of a native plant community in a degraded area (Brancalion, Campoe, et al, 2019; Kettenring & Adams, 2011; Prior, Adams, Klepzig, & Hulcr, 2018). On the other hand, using active approaches to re‐establish native vegetation communities in areas where invasive plants were controlled can help reducing the chances of invasive plant species recolonization (Schuster, Wragg, & Reich, 2018), so there are mutual benefits between invasive plants control and ecological restoration. However, the methods employed to control invasive plants in restoration may not always result in the expected outcomes, as the same or even new invasive plant species may colonize the site while native species recovery can be insufficient (Reid, Morin, Downey, French, & Virtue, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review

Weidlich

Florido

Sorrini

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

244

149

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Invasive plant species can hinder the establishment and growth of native plants and impact several ecosystem properties, such as soil cover, nutrient cycling, fire regimes and hydrology. Controlling invasive plants is then a necessary, yet usually expensive, step towards the restoration of an ecosystem. A synthesis of literature is needed to understand variation in invasive plants' impacts and their practical control in restoration contexts, and to identify associated knowledge gaps. We reviewed 372 articles published from 2000 to 2019 covering the control of undesirable plants (both exotic invasive and overabundant native plant species) in ecological restoration to gather information on the main plants being controlled and methods used, and considering the distribution of studies among biomes and countries grouped according to the Human Development Index (HDI). Grasses and forbs were the most‐studied invasive plant species in restoration sites, but invasive trees were well studied in the tropics. Poaceae and Asteraceae were the most studied families of invasive plants. Non‐chemical interventions (mostly mowing and prescribed fire) were used in more than half of the reviewed studies globally, but chemical methods (mainly glyphosate spraying, used in 40% of projects using herbicides) are also common. The reviewed studies were mostly performed in countries with very high HDI. Countries with low and medium HDI used only non‐chemical methods. Synthesis and applications. Decisions about which control method to use depend heavily on the invasive plant species' growth forms, the local economic situation where the restoration sites are located and resources available for control. More developed countries tend to use more chemical control, whereas less developed ones use mainly non‐chemical methods. Since most of the reviewed studies were performed in countries with very high HDI, we lack information from developing countries, which concentrates global hotspots for biodiversity conservation and global commitments of forest and landscape restoration.

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Using revegetation to suppress invasive plants in grasslands and forests

Cited by 63 publications

References 126 publications

Changes in spatial structures of plant communities lead to functional homogenization in an urban forest park

Changes in spatial structures of plant communities lead to functional homogenization in an urban forest park

Priority Treatment Leaves Grassland Restoration Vulnerable to Invasion

Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review

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