Using<scp>eye‐movement</scp>modelling examples to improve critical reading of multiple webpages on a conflicting topic

Salmerón, Ladislao; Delgado, Pablo; Masón, Lucía

doi:10.1111/jcal.12458

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Online learning instruction provides an easy opportunity for embedding modelling example videos [30]. In subsequent studies, modelling examples can therefore be included in the repertoires of tools to support learning tasks, and even eye-movement modelling examples (EMMEs), consisting of videos showing a dot representing the eye movements in the modelling example videos [71], which are also effective in a digital educational context [72].…”

Section: Limitations and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Information Problem-Solving Instruction to Foster Learning from Digital Sources: Longitudinal Effects on Task Performance

Pifarré

Argelagós

2020

Sustainability

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This research paper is based on a longitudinal study to find out how long-term embedded whole-task instruction can help students to develop more efficient information problem-solving (IPS) skills that could lead to a better use of internet information for learning and solving digital tasks more effectively. To this end, we designed, implemented and evaluated a three-year instruction programme to promote students’ development of key IPS skills in real-life classroom settings. This research involved sixty-one secondary education students. Forty-two of them received the IPS instruction and their results were analysed longitudinally and subsequently compared to a control group which received the regular courses. The results showed that students who received the IPS instruction improved their performance significantly in tasks in which the use of IPS skills was needed and these students organised and presented the information found on the internet critically and gave personal arguments. The findings also revealed that during the three-year project, the scores of IPS task performance were statistically higher in the instructed students than those obtained in control group students. Our study then provides an insight into how secondary students develop IPS skills throughout long-term instructional support and shows a series of educational implications.

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Section: Limitations and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Information Problem-Solving Instruction to Foster Learning from Digital Sources: Longitudinal Effects on Task Performance

Pifarré

Argelagós

2020

Sustainability

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“…Then, how can expert models' superior perceptual processing be passed on to others? Theoretically, one possible solution is to create an EMME, that is, to visually record an expert model's eye gaze behaviour while performing a certain cognitive task, superimpose it onto the material, and then merge the eye gaze and material into one video that serves as an instructional document for other learners (Jarodzka, Scheiter, Gerjets, & Dorr, 2010; Salmerón et al, 2020; Vitak et al, 2012). In this way, the visual representation of the model's eye fixation points and scanpaths is a kind of salient stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using eye movement modelling examples to guide visual attention and foster cognitive performance: A meta‐analysis

Zhao

Deng

et al. 2021

Computer Assisted Learning

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Eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are computer‐based videos displaying the visualized eye gaze behaviour of a domain expert person (model) while carefully executing the learning or problem‐solving task. The role of EMME in promoting cognitive performance (i.e., final scores of learning outcome or problem solving) has been questioned due to the mixed findings from empirical studies. This study tested the effects of EMME on attention guidance and cognitive performance by means of meta‐analytic procedures. Data for both experimental and control groups and both posttest and pretest were extracted to calculate the effect sizes. The EMME group was treated as the experimental group and the non‐EMME group was treated as the control group. Twenty‐five independent articles were included. The overall analysis showed a significant effect of EMME on time to first fixation (d = −0.83), fixation duration (d = 0.74), as well as cognitive performance (d = 0.43), but not on fixation count, indicating that using EMME not only helped learners attend faster and longer to the task‐relevant elements, but also fostered their final cognitive performance. Interestingly, task type significantly moderated the effect of EMME on cognitive performance. Moderation analyses showed that EMME was beneficial to learners' performance when non‐procedural tasks (rather than procedural tasks) were used. These findings show contributions for future research as well as practical application in the field of computers and learning regarding videos displaying a model's visualized eye gaze behaviour.

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“…The group who received an inefficient training had the same performance as an untrained control group. More recently, EMME for the training of novices has been successfully applied to collaborative problem solving [40], reading [41], computer programming [42], observation in medicine [43,44], inspection of visual scenes [45], surgical procedures [46], or aircraft inspection tasks [47]. However, examples where EMME was not superior to traditional training methods can also be seen.…”

Section: Showing Visual Scanning Strategies Examples From Highly Accurate Pilots To Improve Monitoring Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Lefrancois

Matton

Causse

2021

Safety

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Poor cockpit monitoring has been identified as an important contributor to aviation accidents. Improving pilots’ monitoring strategies could therefore help to enhance flight safety. During two different sessions, we analyzed the flight performance and eye movements of professional airline pilots in a full-flight simulator. In a pre-training session, 20 pilots performed a manual approach scenario as pilot flying (PFs) and were classified into three groups according to their flight performance: unstabilized, standard, and most accurate. The unstabilized pilots either under- or over-focused various instruments. Their number of visual scanning patterns was lower than those of pilots who managed to stabilize their approach. The most accurate pilots showed a higher perceptual efficiency with shorter fixation times and more fixations on important primary flight instruments. Approximately 10 months later, fourteen pilots returned for a post-training session. They received a short training program and performed a similar manual approach as during the pre-training session. Seven of them, the experimental group, received individual feedback on their own performance and visual behavior (i.e., during the pre-training session) and a variety of data obtained from the most accurate pilots, including an eye-tracking video showing efficient visual scanning strategies from one of the most accurate pilots. The other seven, the control group, received general guidelines on cockpit monitoring. During the post-training session, the experimental group had better flight performance (compared to the control group), and its visual scanning strategies became more similar to those of the most accurate pilots. In summary, our results suggest that cockpit monitoring underlies manual flight performance and that it can be improved using a training program based mainly on exposure to eye movement examples from highly accurate pilots.

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Usingeye‐movementmodelling examples to improve critical reading of multiple webpages on a conflicting topic

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Embedded Information Problem-Solving Instruction to Foster Learning from Digital Sources: Longitudinal Effects on Task Performance

Embedded Information Problem-Solving Instruction to Foster Learning from Digital Sources: Longitudinal Effects on Task Performance

Using eye movement modelling examples to guide visual attention and foster cognitive performance: A meta‐analysis

Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

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