Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites

Brose, Patrick H.; Lear, David H. Van; Cooper, Roderick

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00423-x

Cited by 117 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Correctly implementing the shelterwood-burn technique (Brose et al 1999a(Brose et al , 1999b) is more than simply applying fire to a partially-cut oak stand. The proper application of the technique actually begins before the shelterwood harvest while the stand is still uncut or has had a low/midstory shade reduction treatment.…”

Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hot spring burn provides the optimal combination of fire intensity and season of burn for maximum benefit to the oak seedlings (Brose 2010, Brose and Van Lear 1998, Brose et al 1999a). Because such a fire will occur in an oak shelterwood, careful planning is a must.…”

Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…43). Although this combination of fire intensity and season of burn has consistently produced excellent results in shifting the composition of the regeneration pool towards oak, burning outside the hot mid-spring window can also benefit oak, but to a lesser degree (Brose 2010, Brose et al 1999a. Cooler fires and those conducted earlier in the spring provide less control of competing mesophytic hardwoods, and burns done after leaf expansion of the oak reproduction can reduce their survival and decrease their postfire height growth.…”

Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Brose¹,

Dey²,

Waldrop³

2014

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Guidelines for using prescribed fire to regenerate and restore upland oak forests, woodlands, and savannas in eastern North America were developed by synthesizing the results of more than 100 scientific publications. The first four chapters provide background information on the values of oak ecosystems, eastern fire history, oak's adaptations to fire, and the findings of fire-oak research conducted over the past 50 years. The final chapter synthesizes that background information into guidelines that explain how to use prescribed fire to facilitate oak seedling establishment, release oak reproduction from competing mesophytic hardwoods, and rehabilitate open oak woodlands, oak savannas, and scrub oak communities. A reference section is also provided for readers desiring to delve more deeply into the associations between periodic fire and oak forests, woodlands, and savannas.

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Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Shelterwood-burn Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Brose¹,

Dey²,

Waldrop³

2014

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“…These compositionally unstable oak forests have been documented thoroughly across the eastern United States (e.g., Abrams, 2003). Though oak regeneration has been an object of concern and study for several decades, increasingly poor oak regeneration continues to prompt large scientific efforts to assess the problem and search for management solutions (e.g., Loftis and McGee, 1993;Johnson et al, 2002;McShea and Healy, 2002;Spetich, 2004), including a better understanding of the historic role of fire and the use of prescribed fire in oak forests (Brose et al, 1999(Brose et al, , 2001Iverson et al, 2004a;Dickinson, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Iverson

Hutchinson

Prasad

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

125

111

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We document an increase in oak and hickory advance regeneration, depending on landscape position, in the sixth year following mechanical thinning and repeated prescribed fires in southern Ohio, USA. Oak-dominated communities provide a multitude of human and natural resource values throughout the eastern United States, but their long-term sustainability is threatened throughout the region by poor regeneration. This study was established to assess regeneration following midstory thinning (late 2000) and prescribed fire application (2001 and 2005) at two sites in southern Ohio. Each of the four 20+ ha treatment units (two thin and burn, two untreated controls) were modeled for long-term moisture regime using the integrated moisture index (IMI), and a 50 m grid of sampling points was established throughout the units. Vegetation and canopy openness were sampled at each gridpoint before and after treatments, in 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2006. The thin and burn treatment generally resulted in more advance regeneration (>50 cm height) of oak and hickory. The second fires in 2005 created additional landscape heterogeneity by causing variable tree mortality, and thus canopy openness, across the IMI gradient. The drier landscape positions generally had more intense fires, more canopy openness, and more oak and hickory advance regeneration; several other tree species also exhibited marked landscape variation in regeneration after treatments. Though advance regeneration of several competing species became abundant after the initial treatments, the second fires reduced the high densities of the two major competitors, Acer rubrum and Liriodendron tulipifera. Two simple models were developed: (1) a model of oak ''competitiveness'' based on the plot data related to advance regeneration of oaks and competitors and (2) a model estimating the probability of a plot becoming 'competitive for oak' based on canopy openness, IMI class, and number of oak and hickory seedlings present. For dry or intermediate sites with at least 5000 oak and hickory seedlings/ha, opening the canopy to 8.5-19% followed by at least two fires should promote oak and hickory to be 'competitive' over about 50% of the area. However, no appreciable oak and hickory regeneration developed on mesic sites. Overall, these results suggest promise for partial harvesting and repeated fires as a management strategy to reverse the accelerating loss of oak dominance in the central hardwoods region. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…Future reductions in acorn production from a declining oak component and/or the failure to successfully recruit oak into future forests will have serious implications for both game and nongame species in the region (Wentworth et al 1992, Wolff 1996, McShea 2000, Castleberry et al 2001. Regionally, forest managers are experimenting with preharvest and postharvest prescribed fires to: 1) reduce or inhibit advance regeneration of shade-tolerant, late successional species prior to harvest; 2) select against mast-poor, shade-intolerant species such as yellowpoplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) that show rapid growth characteristics following harvest; and 3) promote oak seedling recruitment preharvest and competitive oak stem retention postharvest (Barnes and Van Lear 1998, Brose and Van Lear 1998, Brose et al 1999. Although the maintenance or enhancement of the oak component usually is beneficial to forest wildlife, the reintroduction of fire in moderate to mesic communities after decades of suppression has unknown effects on many ecosystem attributes, including wildlife (Brose et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of eastern chipmunks to single application spring prescribed fires on the Fernow Experimental Forest

Rowan¹,

Ford²,

Castleberry³

et al. 2005

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We used radiotelemetry to examine the effects of spring prescribed fire for preharvest oak (Quercus spp.) shelterwood management on eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) home-range attributes and burrow use on the Fernow Experimental Forest in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Results for 21 chipmunks showed that prescribed fire had little discernable effect on home-range or core-area size, extent of conspecific overlap, or burrow use. Fire tolerance of this common forest rodent provides additional evidence supporting the use of prescribed burning to achieve vegetation management objectives in the central Appalachians where appropriate.

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Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Response of eastern chipmunks to single application spring prescribed fires on the Fernow Experimental Forest

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Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

The fire&#151;oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fire&#151;oak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results

Response of eastern chipmunks to single application spring prescribed fires on the Fernow Experimental Forest

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The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines

The fireoak literature of eastern North America: synthesis and guidelines