Using splines to analyse latency in the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort

Hauptmann, Michael; Berhane, Kiros; Langholz, Bryan; Lubin, Jh

doi:10.1080/135952201317225444

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Our finding of the highest values for ERR/WLM 15 -24 years after exposure is consistent with what has been shown for American uranium miners. For the Colorado miners, the highest risk was estimated for 14 years since exposure (Hauptmann et al, 2001) and 17 years since exposure (Kreisheimer, 2006), based on different statistical approaches. When taking into account the American Underground Uranium Miners (UGUM) data set, the radon-related mean latency period was estimated as 25 years for former and nonsmokers and 19 years for cigarette smokers, respectively (Archer et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, ERR/WLM was modified by either duration of exposure or concentration. Since that study, new analyses of the North American and the Chinese cohorts have been published Stram et al, 1999;Hauptmann et al, 2001;Hornung, 2001;Duport, 2002;Archer et al, 2004;Kreisheimer, 2006), yet further follow-up was only conducted for the Czech (Tomásek, 2002;Tomásek and Zarska, 2004) and the French cohort (Rogel et al, 2002;Laurier et al, 2004). Although the evidence of a radon-related lung cancer risk among miners is large, it is based upon various heterogeneous cohorts for which the cohort-specific risk estimates vary by more than an order of magnitude.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lung cancer risk among German male uranium miners: a cohort study, 1946–1998

et al. 2006

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From 1946 to 1990 extensive uranium mining was conducted in the southern parts of the former German Democratic Republic. The overall workforce included several 100 000 individuals. A cohort of 59 001 former male employees of the Wismut Company was established, forming a large retrospective uranium miners' cohort for the time period 1946 -1998. Mean duration of follow-up was 30.5 years with a total of 1 801 630 person-years. Loss to follow-up was low at 5.3%. Of the workers, 16 598 (28.1%) died during the study period. Based on 2388 lung cancer deaths, the radon-related lung cancer risk is evaluated. The excess relative risk (ERR) per working level month (WLM) was estimated as 0.21% (95% CI: 0.18 -0.24). It was dependent on time since exposure and on attained age. The highest ERR/WLM was observed 15 -24 years after exposure and in the youngest age group (o55 years of age). While a strong inverse exposure-rate effect was detected for high exposures, no significant association was detected at exposures below 100 WLM. Excess relative risk /WLM was not modified by duration of exposure. The results would indicate the need to re-estimate the effects of risk modifying factors in current risk models as duration of exposure did not modify the ERR/WLM and there was only a modest decline of ERR/WLM with increasing time since exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Lung cancer risk among German male uranium miners: a cohort study, 1946–1998

et al. 2006

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“…Within the 20-35-year age-group, which forms some 20% of the general population, only 5.5% had remediated, suggesting that they may have other priorities, or little disposable income. Hauptmann et al (2001) showed that the excess relative risk for radon-induced lung cancer in the Colorado miners approached zero for exposures received 35 years previously, and was positive for a period of 9-32 years prior to death from cancer, peaking for exposures received 14 years prior to death. In Europe, latency periods of 20 years or longer have been postulated for residential exposure (Enflo, 2002).…”

Section: Period Of Residence [Y]mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, it is now generally accepted that the individual risk of developing lung cancer as a consequence of exposure to radon varies with both age and smoking habits (NRC, 1999). Finally, as discussed in Section 3.1.2, there is convincing evidence for the existence of a significant latency period between exposure and the onset of cancer (Hauptmann et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of the individual health benefits accruing from a domestic radon remediation programme

Denman

Phillips

Tornberg

et al. 2005

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…Faced with the complexity of the association between duration and intensity and disease risk, investigators may apply nonparametric or semiparametric models, such as splines (3) or generalized additive models (4), or create a single comprehensive smoking index (5,6). However, problems of interpreting multiple characteristics of an exposure remain (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer: Modeling Total Exposure and Intensity

Lubin

Caporaso

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

181

133

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Investigators typically analyze cigarette smoking using smoking duration and intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day) as risk factors. However, odds ratios (OR) for categories of intensity either adjusted for, or jointly with, duration of smoking may be distorted by differences in total pack-years of exposure to cigarette smoke. To study effects of intensity, we apply a linear excess OR model to compare total exposure delivered at low intensity for a long period of time with an equal total exposure delivered at high intensity for a short period of time to data from a large case-control study of lung cancer. The excess OR per pack-year increases with intensity for subjects who smoke V20 cigarettes per day and decreases with intensity for subjects who smoke >20 cigarettes per day.The intensity patterns are homogeneous by histologic type of lung cancer, suggesting that observed differences in risks by histologic type are related to total smoking exposure or smoking duration and not smoking intensity. At lower smoking intensities, there is an ''exposure enhancement'' effect such that for equal total exposure, the excess OR per pack-year increases with intensity. At higher smoking intensities, there is a ''reduced potency'' or ''wasted exposure'' effect such that for equal total exposure, the excess OR per pack-year decreases with intensity (i.e., smoking at a lower intensity for longer duration is more deleterious than smoking at a higher intensity for shorter duration). (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):517-23)

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Using splines to analyse latency in the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Lung cancer risk among German male uranium miners: a cohort study, 1946–1998

Lung cancer risk among German male uranium miners: a cohort study, 1946–1998

Analysis of the individual health benefits accruing from a domestic radon remediation programme

Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer: Modeling Total Exposure and Intensity

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