2022
DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00261-3
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Using spot pattern recognition to examine population biology, evolutionary ecology, sociality, and movements of giraffes: a 70-year retrospective

Abstract: Individual-based studies where animals are monitored through space and time enable explorations of ecology, demography, evolutionary biology, movements, and behavior. Here, we review 70 years of research on an endangered African herbivore, the giraffe, based on individual spot pattern recognition, and profile an example of a long-term photographic mark-recapture study of Masai giraffes in Tanzania.We illustrate how individual-based data can be used to examine the fitness consequences (variation in survival and… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…We sampled each road segment only one time per survey, and systematically shifted the order and direction in which we sampled road transects similar to a Latin Square design to reduce sampling biases. Our sampling design has proved to be effective in providing precise estimates of population size, sex‐age distributions and demographic rates (Lee et al, 2016, 2022; Lee & Bolger, 2017; Lee & Bond, 2022).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We sampled each road segment only one time per survey, and systematically shifted the order and direction in which we sampled road transects similar to a Latin Square design to reduce sampling biases. Our sampling design has proved to be effective in providing precise estimates of population size, sex‐age distributions and demographic rates (Lee et al, 2016, 2022; Lee & Bolger, 2017; Lee & Bond, 2022).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lee et al (2022), Masai giraffe population change over 40 years in Arusha National Park, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pg4f4qrtg. GenBank accession numbers for all sequences used in the manuscript are listed in Table S1.…”
Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We developed an IBM parameterized with demographic data from the Masai Giraffe Project (Lee & Bond, 2022; Lee et al, 2022; Table 1), one of the biggest individual‐based demographic studies of a large mammal, with more than 3100 giraffes of all sexes and age classes reliably identified over 8 years in an unfenced 4500 km 2 area of the Tarangire Ecosystem in Tanzania (latitude 3.27°–4.08° S and longitude 35.73°–36.23° E). Like other East African savannas, Tarangire has three distinct precipitation seasons but unpredictable amounts of seasonal rainfall (Foley & Faust, 2010; Prins & Loth, 1988).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Giraffe demographic rates in the Tarangire Ecosystem exhibit significant spatial and temporal variation resulting from dynamic environmental conditions (summarized in Lee et al, 2022). Our core IBM incorporates the influence of climate and anthropogenic activities on giraffe demographic rates that we learned from previous research, enabling us to then explore how varying these factors might affect abundances and extinction risk and how targeted management actions might mitigate some of the potentially severe effects.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation