Using surveillance data for action: lessons learnt from the second generation HIV/AIDS surveillance project in Pakistan

Emmanuel, Faran; Adrien, A; Athar, Unsa; Imran, Muhammad; Reza, Tahira; Blanchard, James

doi:10.26719/2011.17.8.712

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There is an urgent need to utilize the existing national HIV surveillance data to prevent the spread of HIV. 51 HIV-reactive donors should be notified to a central authority and the tracking system should disallow subsequent donation. Motivation of non-remunerated blood donors is a key concept that underlies safe blood transfusion, 52 and is one of the initiatives launched by WHO in 2004.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence in blood donors and recipients in Pakistan: a meta-analysis and analysis of blood-bank data

Moiz

Ali

Chatha

et al. 2015

WHO South-East Asia J Public Health

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Very few reports on HIV in blood donors in Pakistan could be retrieved, and the overall pooled prevalence is low. However, the limited data and confounding factors mean that that these results may significantly underestimate the true situation. It is recommended that a complete survey of blood banks should be conducted throughout the country, in order to provide a more reliable estimate of the risk of transfusion-associated HIV infection in Pakistan.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence in blood donors and recipients in Pakistan: a meta-analysis and analysis of blood-bank data

Moiz

Ali

Chatha

et al. 2015

WHO South-East Asia J Public Health

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“…IBBS was conducted following an in-depth mapping of KPs aimed to estimate the SW population size in each city. 3 , 25 , 26 The KPs mapped and surveyed in each city were male (MSW), female (FSW), hijra / transgender ( HSW) sex workers, and PWID. Inclusion criteria included selling sex in exchange for money or other benefits, and age 13 or older among MSWs, and 15 or older among FSWs and HSWs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity Among Sex Workers in Overlapping HIV Risk Interactions With People Who Inject Drugs

et al. 2016

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Concerns remain regarding the heterogeneity in overlapping human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors among sex workers (SWs) in Pakistan; specifically, the degree to which SWs interact with people who inject drugs (PWID) through sex and/or needle sharing.Following an in-depth mapping performed in 2011 to determine the size and distribution of key populations at highest risk of HIV acquisition in Pakistan, a cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey was conducted among PWID, female (FSWs), male (MSWs), and hijra/transgender (HSWs) sex workers, and data from 8 major cities were used for analyses. Logistic regression was used to identify factors, including city of residence and mode of SW-client solicitation, contributing to the overlapping risks of drug injection and sexual interaction with PWID.The study comprised 8483 SWs (34.5% FSWs, 32.4% HSWs, and 33.1% MSWs). Among SWs who had sex with PWID, HSWs were 2.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–5.74) and 1.99 (95% CI, 0.94–4.22) times more likely to inject drugs than MSWs and FSWs, respectively. There was up to a 3-fold difference in drug injecting probability, dependent on where and/or how the SW solicited clients. Compared with SWs in Larkana, the highest likelihood of drug injection use was among SWs in Multan (OR = 4.52; 95% CI: 3.27–6.26), followed by those in Lahore, Quetta, and Faisalabad.Heterogeneity exists in the overlapping patterns of HIV risk behaviors of SWs. The risk of drug injection among SWs also varies by city. Some means of sexual client solicitation may be along the pathway to overlapping HIV risk vulnerability due to increased likelihood of drug injection among SWs. There is a need to closely to monitor the mixing patterns between SWs and PWID and underlying structural factors, such as means of sexual client solicitation, that mediate HIV risk, and implement prevention programs customized to local subepidemics.

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“…In each city, the IBBS sample was distributed based on weights derived from the respective number of KPs in each zone. Spots were randomly selected from spot lists generated by PM within each zone, and later, respondents were selected based on sampling weights assigned to each spot based on spot size, making the sample representative of the overall population [39,40]. A similar approach was employed across India, where PM data were used to select a random sample of hot spots and select respondents from the selected hot spots.…”

Section: Using Programmatic Mapping For Development Of Prevention Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmatic Mapping: Providing Evidence for High Impact HIV Prevention Programs for Female Sex Workers

Emmanuel¹,

Persaud²,

Weir³

et al. 2019

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Programmatic mapping (PM) is a rapid and efficient mechanism to develop size estimates of key populations including female sex workers (FSWs) and geolocate them at physical locations in a systematic and scientific manner. At the macro level, this information forms the basis for allocating program resources, setting performance targets, and assess coverage. At a micro level, PM data provide specific information on hot spots, estimates of FSWs at those spots, and hot spot typology and days and times of operation, all of which provides targeted service delivery strategies. This information can provide a reliable platform to plan HIV prevention and treatment services to considerable scale and intensity. Above all, the entire PM process requires deep involvement of FSWs, which increases community ownership of the data and can lead to an increased uptake of services. Despite a few limitations, the approach is versatile and can be used in varied country contexts to generate important information about sex work and its dynamics. In this paper, we describe experiences and lessons learned from using evidence generated from PM of FSWs in multiple countries to develop HIV prevention programs at scale.

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Using surveillance data for action: lessons learnt from the second generation HIV/AIDS surveillance project in Pakistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

HIV prevalence in blood donors and recipients in Pakistan: a meta-analysis and analysis of blood-bank data

HIV prevalence in blood donors and recipients in Pakistan: a meta-analysis and analysis of blood-bank data

Heterogeneity Among Sex Workers in Overlapping HIV Risk Interactions With People Who Inject Drugs

Programmatic Mapping: Providing Evidence for High Impact HIV Prevention Programs for Female Sex Workers

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