Using sustainability indicators in agricultural land use analysis: an example from Costa Rica

Jansen, D.M.; Stoorvogel, J.J.; Schipper, R.A.

doi:10.18174/njas.v43i1.585

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The WHO toxicity code parameters and the pesticides included in the categories are shown in Table 3. The same weighting of the codes was employed as that used by Jansen et al (1995): code I has a weighting of 7 and code II has a weighting of 5. Duration was measured as half-life in soil (days)r2.…”

Section: The Biocide Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are various methods designed to measure ' toxic load' to an environment, but perhaps the simplest methodology is that of Jansen et al (1995) in their calculation of what they refer to as the 'Biocide Index ' :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…its toxicity code as categorized by the World Health Organization ; WHO) and how long the ai remains active in the environment. The latter is taken to be the square root of the duration in days (Jansen et al 1995). Summation takes place for all of the pesticides applied to the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductions in insecticide use from adoption of Bt cotton in South Africa: impacts on economic performance and toxic load to the environment

et al. 2004

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The study reported presents the findings relating to commercial growing of genetically-modified Bt cotton in South Africa by a large sample of smallholder farmers over three seasons (1998/99, 1999/2000, 2000/01) following adoption. The analysis presents constructs and compares groupwise differences for key variables in Bt v. non-Bt technology and uses regressions to further analyse the production and profit impacts of Bt adoption. Analysis of the distribution of benefits between farmers due to the technology is also presented. In parallel with these socio-economic measures, the toxic loads being presented to the environment following the introduction of Bt cotton are monitored in terms of insecticide active ingredient (ai) and the Biocide Index. The latter adjusts ai to allow for differing persistence and toxicity of insecticides.Results show substantial and significant financial benefits to smallholder cotton growers of adopting Bt cotton over three seasons in terms of increased yields, lower insecticide spray costs and higher gross margins. This includes one particularly wet, poor growing season. In addition, those with the smaller holdings appeared to benefit proportionately more from the technology (in terms of higher gross margins) than those with larger holdings. Analysis using the Gini-coefficient suggests that the Bt technology has helped to reduce inequality amongst smallholder cotton growers in Makhathini compared to what may have been the position if they had grown conventional cotton. However, while Bt growers applied lower amounts of insecticide and had lower Biocide Indices (per ha) than growers of non-Bt cotton, some of this advantage was due to a reduction in non-bollworm insecticide. Indeed, the Biocide Index for all farmers in the population actually increased with the introduction of Bt cotton.The results indicate the complexity of such studies on the socio-economic and environmental impacts of GM varieties in the developing world.

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Section: The Biocide Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductions in insecticide use from adoption of Bt cotton in South Africa: impacts on economic performance and toxic load to the environment

et al. 2004

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“…Farming systems in Ethiopia lack sustainability due to nutrient losses by soil erosion, lack of soil fertility restoring inputs and unbalanced nutrient using (Ajayi et al, 2007;Hirpa et al, 2009). Estimated essential plant nutrients loss in Africa was approximately 50 kg ha -1 year -1 (Janssen et al, 1995). Inorganic fertilizers overcome soil fertility problems and responsible for increasing large part of world " s food production (Sanchez and Leakey, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vermicompost and blended fertilizers rates on yield and yield components of Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)

Tekulu¹,

Tadele²,

Berhe³

et al. 2019

J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage.

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Tef is a stable crop in Ethiopia in which its yield is constrained by poor soil fertility management. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2016 and 2017 on clayey textural soil to assess the effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of tef. Accordingly, field experiment with four levels of vermicompost (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha -1 ) and four levels of NPS (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ) were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial combination with three replications. A tef variety, qunco was used as test crop. Analysis of the data revealed that highest grain yield (2269.80 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the treatment of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 + 150 kg NPS ha -1 . Significantly highest straw yield (6480.60 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the treatment of 6 t vermicompost ha -1 +200 kg NPS ha -1 , but statistically similar with 4 t vermicompost ha -1 +150 kg NPS ha -1 . To evaluate the feasibility of the treatments with view of farmers' practices, a partial budget analysis was conducted on straw and grain yield of tef and accordingly the highest marginal rate of return 4184% were obtained from combined fertilization of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 and 150 kg NPS ha -1 . Therefore, based on the data obtained from this study application of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 and 150 kg NPS ha -1 will be recommended as profitable for the production of tef at Beles kebelle Tahtay Koraro district.

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“…Fertility of soil is intrinsic ability of a soil to supply micro-macro nutrients in sufficient amounts for getting maximum crop production (Von, 1988). Soil nutritional status is key indicators of soil quality (Jansen et al, 1995). Soil fertility influence by land use and management practices and its quality varies either spatially or temporally from field to field or on regional scale (Sun et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL MICRONUTRIENTS (Cu, Fe, Zn & Mn) AND POPULATION DYNAMIC OF MYCOFLORA IN POTATO FIELDS OF CKNP REGION GILGIT-BALTISTAN PAKISTAN

Hussain¹,

Awan²,

Ali³

et al. 2016

PAKJAS

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The main aim of current study was to explore the spatial variability of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Zn & Mn) and mycoflora in a potato growing valleys of CKNP region, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Ninety sixty soil samples were collected by a random sampling technique using Global Positioning System (GPS). In general, soils of survey valleys are loamy or silty loam with slightly alkaline pH and low to medium organic matter. Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied for micronutrients mapping of the analyzed data obtained from laboratory test. Results indicated that micronutrients (Cu, Fe and Mn) were found high except Zn. The Zinc concentration was low in 57.29% samples, medium in 30.20% samples and high in 12.50% samples respectively. The GIS mapping of soil micronutrients can be used in precision farming studies with the application of fertilizers and this approach is also proposed for the evaluation of sustainable soil management practices. The observed spatial variability of micronutrients helps potato growers in crop management decisions to increase productivity and improve farmer's livelihood. Knowledge and conservation of soil mycoflora is essential for sustainable agriculture development. In the current study a total number of thirteen mycoflora species were isolated from the composite soil sample of four valleys. The valley wise population per gram of soil was recorded as 24x10-6 in Bagrote, 18x10-6 in Haramosh, 15x10-6 in Hoper and 26x10-6 in Shigar valley. The most dominant among them were Aspergillus flavus, Mucor species, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium species and Alternaria alternate.

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Using sustainability indicators in agricultural land use analysis: an example from Costa Rica

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Reductions in insecticide use from adoption of Bt cotton in South Africa: impacts on economic performance and toxic load to the environment

Reductions in insecticide use from adoption of Bt cotton in South Africa: impacts on economic performance and toxic load to the environment

Effect of vermicompost and blended fertilizers rates on yield and yield components of Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL MICRONUTRIENTS (Cu, Fe, Zn & Mn) AND POPULATION DYNAMIC OF MYCOFLORA IN POTATO FIELDS OF CKNP REGION GILGIT-BALTISTAN PAKISTAN

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