Using System Dynamic Modeling for Improving Water Security in the Coastal Area: A Literature Review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Water is one of the basic materials of human existence. In respect this, many countries have been focused on water security agenda as one of the national strategic security. One of water security domains is coastal water security. Water security, due to the myriad of factors influencing water quantity and quality in coastal area, can be considered as a complex system. Due to the complexity and dynamic characteristic, system dynamic model (SDM) is needed to implement in coastal area to integrate all subsystem.
 AIM: This study aims to analyse the subsystems relating to coastal water security. The subsystem determination used to develop future policy-making relating to coastal water security.
 METHODS: For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted and a set of 12 papers was selected from 2009 – 2019.
 RESULTS: The papers’ analysis shows the applicability of SDM to solve complex problems. Water scarcity has been identified as a major problem in the coastal area, identified in eight papers. Three papers are related to water quality and only one paper relating to both. There are four major subsystems relating to coastal water security: environment, economic, social, and politic. Information about the aquaculture activities, the mechanism of coastal water pollution and water relating human health risk is still limited.
 CONCLUSION: We recommend use of SDM in the coastal water security to be extended to aquaculture, coastal water pollution and human health risk aspect in order to promote a holistic understanding of the complex issues and to develop more effective policies.

Current Status and Future Directions in Modeling a Transboundary Aquifer: A Case Study of Hueco Bolson

“…Policy and decision-makers can utilize scenario-based analysis to obtain a set of optimal solutions and trade-offs between transboundary aquifers [100]. The benefits of the system model include the management of the binational aquifer, exploitation of uncontaminated groundwater, control of groundwater fluctuations, conjunctive use of groundwater [101][102][103], and securing the future water [104]. Although only the water-system model is shown in Figure 6, one can conceive a system-of-systems model that informs decision-makers on the interaction among environment (water and land use), social (population growth rate and anthropogenic activities), economic (water demand, water productivity, and wastewater discharge), and political (policy, decision, and management framework) system.…”