Using Tai Chi as an Exercise Intervention for Improving Balance in Adults with Visual Impairments: Two Case Studies

Ray, Christopher; Horvat, Michael; Keen, Katherine; Blasch, Bruce B.

doi:10.3200/revu.37.1.17-24

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the inability to perform the task quickly and repeatedly indicates that the underlying components of strength and bal ance appear to be lower in individuals who are visually impaired. This finding supports previous research that found that lower lev els of muscular strength and balance may be suitable predictors of declining mobility skills and instability of movements in un stable environments, such as walking on gravel or slippery surfaces (Horvat, Ray, Croce, & Blasch, 2004;Horvat et al, 2003;Ray, Horvat, Keen, & Blasch, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Assessment of Functional Movement in Adults with Visual Impairments

Ray

Horvat

Williams

et al. 2007

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness

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Adults with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) have significantly more health risks than do sighted adults because of a number of fac tors, including the lower mineral density of their femoral neck bones, which is indica tive of reduced weight-bearing exercise; their lesser maximal strength; and their higher rates of stroke, osteoporosis, depres sion, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, diabetes, and falls (Crews & Campbell, 2001;Uusi-Rasi, Sievanen, Rinne, Oja, & Vuori, 2001). A contributing factor is that individuals who are visually impaired are less physically active than are sighted individuals (Crews & Campbell, 2001). These factors play a significant role in the quality of life of persons who are visually impaired and can affect their independent movement. The physiological changes in addition to the loss of vision to preview the environment can result in decreased movement and increased restrictions on movement.During the aging process, balance and overall mobility are affected as people lose some of their ability to use vision, proprioception, and vestibular information This study was funded by the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Assessment of Functional Movement in Adults with Visual Impairments

Ray

Horvat

Williams

et al. 2007

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness

Self Cite

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“…It has been claimed that Tai Chi connects the mind and the body by incorporating physical, cognitive, social and meditative components in the same activity ( Wayne et al , 2017 ). Previous studies revealed that Tai Chi, as a physical exercise, was an effective method to not only improve health fitness, such as neuromuscular functions, cardiorespiratory system and balance control ( Ray et al , 2005 ), but also to enhance psychological well-being for older adults ( Wang et al , 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced feelings of regret and enhanced fronto-striatal connectivity in elders with long-term Tai Chi experience

Liu

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The current study investigates how long-term Tai Chi experience affects the neural and emotional response to regret in elders. Participants perform the sequential risk-taking task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. In the task, participants opened a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop. Each box contained a reward, except for one which contained a devil. If the devil was revealed, then this served to zero the participant’s gain in that trial. Once stopped, participant’s gains and missed chances were revealed. Behaviorally, the Tai Chi group showed less regret, reduced risk taking, higher levels of nonjudgment of inner experience and less emotional sensitivity to outcome. fMRI results showed that the Tai Chi group demonstrated stronger fronto-striatal functional connectivity in trials with numerous missed chances. The nonjudgment of inner experience mediated the impact of fronto-striatal functional connectivity on Tai Chi practitioners’ emotional sensitivity to outcome. These results highlight that long-term Tai Chi exercise may be effective in alleviating feelings of regret in elders by promoting reduced judgment of inner experience and enhanced emotion regulation through the strengthening of fronto-striatal functional connectivity.

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“…Of these, tai chi, a multimodal mind-body exercise that incorporates physical, cognitive, and meditative components in the same activity is growing in popularity, especially among older adults ( Wayne et al, 2014 ). Previous studies have suggested that tai chi, as a physical exercise, was an effective method not only to improve health fitness, such as neuromuscular functions and cardiorespiratory system and balance control ( Ray et al, 2005 ; Wang et al, 2010 ; Ghaffari and Kluger, 2014 ), but also benefit emotion regulation and psychological well-being in elders ( Wang et al, 2010 ). The current resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (containing a tai chi group and a control group) aimed to replicate previous findings that meditative components in tai chi were related to enhanced executive control and stronger emotion regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity Within the Executive Control Network Mediates the Effects of Long-Term Tai Chi Exercise on Elders’ Emotion Regulation

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Previous research has identified the effects of tai chi exercise on elders’ executive control or on their emotion regulation. However, few works have attempted to reveal the relationships between tai chi, executive control, and emotion regulation in the same study. The current resting-state study investigated whether the impact of tai chi on elders’ emotion regulation was mediated by the resting-state functional connectivity within the executive control network. A total of 26 elders with long-term tai chi experience and 26 demographically matched healthy elders were recruited. After the resting-state scan, both groups were required to complete a series of questionnaires, including the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and a sequential decision task, which offered an index of the subjects’ emotion-regulation ability by calculating how their emotional response could be affected by the objective outcomes of their decisions. Compared to the control group, the tai chi group showed higher levels of non-judgment of inner experiences (a component of the FFMQ), stronger emotion-regulation ability, and a weaker resting-state functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Moreover, the functional connectivity between the DLPFC and the MFG in the tai chi group fully mediated the impact of non-judgment of inner experience on their emotion-regulation ability. These findings highlighted that the modulation of non-judgment of inner experience on long-term tai chi practitioners’ emotion regulation was achieved through decreased functional connectivity within the executive control network.

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Using Tai Chi as an Exercise Intervention for Improving Balance in Adults with Visual Impairments: Two Case Studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical Assessment of Functional Movement in Adults with Visual Impairments

Clinical Assessment of Functional Movement in Adults with Visual Impairments

Reduced feelings of regret and enhanced fronto-striatal connectivity in elders with long-term Tai Chi experience

Functional Connectivity Within the Executive Control Network Mediates the Effects of Long-Term Tai Chi Exercise on Elders’ Emotion Regulation

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