“…The confluence of multimodal data (MMD) with advanced computational analyses (multimodal learning analytics-MMLA, as the literature refers to them) enables us to understand and support complex learning phenomena (Blikstein & Worsley, 2016 ). For example, eye-tracking data and the different linguistic and prosodic features of speech can inform us about the students' expertise (Andrade, Delandshere, & Danish, 2016 ;Mangaroska, Vesin, & Giannakos, 2019 ); or video data can tell us about their engagement (Nguyen, Huptych, & Rienties, 2018 ;Pardo, Han, & Ellis, 2016 ). These insights can enable actionable feedback to be provided to the learners.…”