“…Through the deployment of green technologies, innovative local businesses and sectors, such as local fashion design, can be transformed into modern GVCs [ 44 , 142 ] with national, regional, and global impact. The pillar promotes cohesiveness in local energy transformation, enriches transformative learning or unlearning, and encourages adoption of cultural theories and frameworks that are integrative and assist with the interpretation of complex energy transitions [ 36 , 143 , 144 ]. The pillar is known as transformative alternatives to mainstream perspectives , or Pillar 8 in Fig.…”