Using the Enzymatic Growth of Nanoparticles To Create a Biosensor. An Undergraduate Quantitative Analysis Experiment

Bai, James; Flowers, Kaleyhia; Benegal, Salil; Calizo, Milagros; Patel, Vrudhdhi; Bishnoi, Sandra Whaley

doi:10.1021/ed086p712

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, in all cases, the spectroscopic properties of these nanoparticles depend on the substrate concentration [12]. (3) Etching or growth of previously formed AuNPs: some authors also indicate that the H 2 O 2 by-product of some enzymatic reactions (proportional to the substrate) is capable of increasing the growth of previously formed AuNPs [13,14] or that other products of enzymatic reactions are capable of generating the same effect [15]. However, other authors report the opposite effect, showing that the presence of H 2 O 2 and/or by-products of the enzymatic reaction in some cases produces a reduction in the size (etching) of the nanoparticles [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticle formation as an indicator of enzymatic methods: colorimetric l-phenylalanine determination

2022

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An enzymatic-colorimetric method has been developed based on the reaction between l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) and the l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) in the presence of Au(III), which has led to the formation of gold nanoparticles. The intensity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of the generated nanoparticles (550 nm) can be related to the concentration of l-Phe in the sample. The mechanism of the LAAO-l-Phe enzyme reaction in the presence of Au(III) has been studied through the evaluation and optimization of experimental conditions. These studies have reinforced the hypothesis that the catalytic center of the enzyme helps the Au(III) reduction and, thanks to the protein, the Au0 form is stabilized as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the calibration study, a sigmoidal relationship between the concentration of the substrate and the LSPR of the nanoparticles was observed. The linearization of the signal has allowed the determination of l-Phe in the range from 17 to 500 µM with an RSD% (150 μM) of 4.8% (n = 3). The method is free of other amino acid interference normally found in blood plasma. These highly competitive results open the possibility of further development of a rapid method for l-Phe determination based on colorimetry. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoparticle formation as an indicator of enzymatic methods: colorimetric l-phenylalanine determination

2022

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“…Currently, educational experiments involving gold nanoparticles primarily focus on testing their stability in solution, − utilizing them as colorimetric sensors, − and utilizing bottom-up synthetic approaches. ,− Although some educational experiments focusing on nanoparticle shape control and seed-mediated growth have been implemented previously, protocols that allow for the formation of complex shapes are generally not applied in high school level settings due to the use of toxic chemicals and the need for characterization equipment such as UV–vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy, which may not be available in most high school settings. The experiments presented here do not require complex instrumentation and involve optimized robust synthetic seed-mediated protocols for preparing gold nanostars and 100 nm nanospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeded-Growth Experiment Demonstrating Size- and Shape-Dependence on Gold Nanoparticle–Light Interactions

et al. 2020

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Gold nanoparticles are exciting materials in nanotechnology and nanoscience research and are being applied across a wide range of fields including imaging, chemical sensing, energy storage, and cancer therapies. In this experiment, students will synthesize two sizes of gold nanospheres (∼20 and ∼100 nm) and will create gold nanostars utilizing a seed-mediated growth synthetic approach. Students will compare how each sample interacts differently with light (absorption and scattering) based on the nanoparticles' size and shape. This experiment is ideal for high school and early undergraduate students since all reagents are nontoxic and affordable, and no special characterization equipment is required.

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“…A rapidly increasing number of undergraduate-level teaching experiments using gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs, respectively) have been developed with several excellent modules focusing on the synthesis and optical characterization of particles of differing shapes and sizes. − To our knowledge, no teaching experiments have been developed that focus quantitatively on how the alloy composition affects the LSPR, despite the many intriguing properties of these alloys. , However, the relationship between the alloy composition and the LSPR is complex and difficult for undergraduates to comprehend and appreciate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Alloyed Noble Metal Nanoparticles: A Nanotechnology Experiment for Chemistry and Engineering Students

2020

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Nanoscale phenomena are under increasingly intense investigation both in academia and industry. The unique physical and chemical properties stemming from their high surface area and confined space lead to properties that are distinct from atomic and bulk materials. Students need experience in nanoscience to enter this growing field of nanoscience research. This laboratory experiment introduces the optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles and probes the effect that the metal composition has on these properties. An aqueous synthesis is performed, which allows for the control of the alloy composition of Au/Ag nanoparticles, while minimizing costs and hazardous waste. The composition of the synthesized particles is verified by mass analysis. Extinction spectra are recorded experimentally and determined in silico. The experimental and theoretical spectra are compared, and students are asked to identify causes for discrepancies on the basis of mass and particle size analysis. Students actively engage in identifying how the dielectric function of a nanoparticle affects the optical properties. By performing these experiments, students gain practical knowledge of the synthesis and characterization of metal nanoparticles, as well as an initial introduction to elements of theoretical chemistry. This experiment has been found to be easily reproducible; it utilizes primarily nonhazardous, nontoxic, green materials, and it can be performed with minimal added costs to normal budgets for lab courses.

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Using the Enzymatic Growth of Nanoparticles To Create a Biosensor. An Undergraduate Quantitative Analysis Experiment

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Gold nanoparticle formation as an indicator of enzymatic methods: colorimetric l-phenylalanine determination

Gold nanoparticle formation as an indicator of enzymatic methods: colorimetric l-phenylalanine determination

Seeded-Growth Experiment Demonstrating Size- and Shape-Dependence on Gold Nanoparticle–Light Interactions

Optical Properties of Alloyed Noble Metal Nanoparticles: A Nanotechnology Experiment for Chemistry and Engineering Students

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