Using the Human Factors Framework to understand the origins of medication safety problems in community pharmacy: A qualitative study

Juffali, Lobna Al; Al-Aqeel, Sinaa; Knapp, Peter; Family, Hannah; Watson, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.07.010

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The medication safety items included in Round 1 were derived from the results of an earlier study 1. A total of 119 statements was generated and categorised using the HFF (categories: external, organisational and management, work, physician, pharmacist, communication and information exchange, task, medication factors, patient behaviour and patient characteristics).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacy users, professionals, community pharmacists participated in a previous focus group study were also invited to participate 1…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community pharmacy is a complex system involving many interacting factors that influence medication safety 1–4. Medication safety is defined as ‘freedom from accidental injury during the course of medication use; activities to avoid, prevent or correct adverse drug events, which may result from the use of medications’ 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It allows the beneficiaries of free governmental health services (primary or secondary) to obtain medicines from the community pharmacy (private) closest to them at the right time and free of charge, instead of only from the outpatient pharmacy in the governmental hospitals as happened previously 8. While this initiative has created an opportunity to develop the community pharmacist role, it also generates medication safety concerns 1. The main medication safety problems identified in Saudi community pharmacy setting include commercial pressures, failure to enforce regulations, the fragmented healthcare system, self-medication with prescription-only medicines, inappropriate medication storage and excessive pharmacist workload 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this initiative has created an opportunity to develop the community pharmacist role, it also generates medication safety concerns 1. The main medication safety problems identified in Saudi community pharmacy setting include commercial pressures, failure to enforce regulations, the fragmented healthcare system, self-medication with prescription-only medicines, inappropriate medication storage and excessive pharmacist workload 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medication safety problems priorities in community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: a multi-stakeholder Delphi study using the human factors framework

et al. 2019

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AimTo achieve multi-stakeholder consensus and prioritisation of medication safety problems in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia.Design and interventionA theoretically-underpinned, three-round Delphi study.SettingSaudi Arabia.ParticipantsPatients and public (pharmacy users), pharmacy-related professionals (policymakers, academics, medication safety officers and pharmacy owners) and community pharmacists.MethodsRound 1 comprised 84 statements derived from a qualitative study. The items were grouped according to the Human Factors Framework (HFF). Rounds 1 and 2 aimed to achieve consensus, 6-point Likert response scale (agreement/disagreement) was used. Round 3 aimed to prioritise the items for which consensus was achieved in Rounds 1 and 2 indicated on a 5-point scale (very important to unimportant). Consensus was predefined as any item that achieved ≥70%.ResultsThe number of respondents in Rounds 1, 2 and 3 was 161, 120 and 112, respectively. In all three rounds, the majority of respondents were pharmacy users (Round 1 77% (n=124), Round 2 74% (n=89), Round 3 72% (n=81)). Consensus was achieved with 28/84 items. The top five medication safety priorities were: lack of pharmacy facilities such as counselling area, lack of communication between pharmacists and physicians, lack of patient databases, lack of post-registration pharmacist education and pharmacists’ long working hours. The professional and pharmacy user groups achieved consensus on similar items through different categories of the HFFs. Community pharmacists had the highest percentage of consensus among the three groups for factors related to work, such as high workload and low salaries.ConclusionThis multi-stakeholder study used the HFF to identify and prioritise the main medication safety challenges facing community pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. It indicates the need for changes to practice and policy and further research to address these priorities and promote medication safety at an individual, pharmacy and population level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacy users, professionals, community pharmacists participated in a previous focus group study were also invited to participate 1…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%