Aim: The joint threats of climate and land-use change require an understanding of how environmental variation influences species abundance and distribution. However, most species distribution models use static data and methods without considering how species respond over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Using a novel analytical approach, we show how multiscalar environmental variation drives spatial population dynamics of mobile species.Location: Great Plains, North America.
Methods:We developed a spatial hierarchical model of abundance using long-term citizen science data for two severely declining species (Lark Bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys, Chestnut-collared Longspur, Calcarius ornatus). Specifically, we (a) compared regional variation in range-wide abundance and population trends, (b) evaluated the influence of short-term and long-term drought on range dynamics and (c) tested whether regional population dynamics are spatially autocorrelated by environmental conditions occurring in geographically separated areas.Results: Both species exhibited long-term range-wide declines >70% with contraction towards the range core. Lark Buntings showed opposing responses to environmental variation; regional abundance increased with wetter conditions during arrival on the breeding grounds but also with longer-term (4-year) drought conditions. Chestnut-collared Longspurs showed no response to drought at either temporal scale. We found strong evidence that Lark Bunting abundance in the southern portion of the range increases with favourable environmental conditions leading to subsequent declines in abundance in northern regions. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.