Using the Open Standards-Based Framework for Planning and Implementing Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Projects in the High Mountainous Regions of Central Asia

Farmers’ Strategies to Climate Change and Urbanization: Potential of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Rural Chengdu, Southwest China

“…EbA involves not only collective action among national and regional governments, local communities, private companies, NGOs and other stakeholders, but also contains different individuals for addressing different pressures (including climate change and urbanization) on ecosystem services and for managing ecosystems to increase regional resilience to climate and non-climate changes [ 14 , 16 ]. Therefore, EbA could provide more social benefits to a larger and broader area [ 15 ], and has gained attention in policies as a flexible, low-risk and low-cost approach to adapting to changes [ 11 , 20 , 23 , 38 ]. In this study, it was found that traditional practices and modern technologies have been used by local people to increase their capacity of EbA.…”

“…Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), which was defined as integrating the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services into an overall strategy for helping people to adapt to changes [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], is becoming a prioritizing option globally and being promoted by many international organizations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) [ 13 , 14 ]. Unlike other engineer-based solutions, EbA shows a more inclusive solution which could harness the capacity of nature to buffer human communities against adverse impacts through the sustainable delivery of ecosystems services [ 12 , 15 ].…”

“…Initially, several EbA studies were conducted in poor or high-altitude rural areas, such as Tegucigalpa in Honduras [ 18 ], Bash-Kaiyndy in Kyrgyzstan [ 11 ], Vu Quang district in Vietnam [ 19 ] and Troms and Finnmark County in Norway [ 12 ], and the proposed EbA strategies were also proven to effectively improve the ability of local farmers to cope with climate change. Recently, growing attention have also been paid to EbA strategies at an urban level for addressing climate change challenges [ 20 ].…”