Using the Physical and Chemical Characterization for the Ink of Laser Printer and Ballpoint Pen in Determination the Sequence of Their Intersection

Abstract

I N THE forensic document examination, the decision of the historical order of intersection strokes between the toner and ballpoint inks is paramount a challenge issue. Two kinds of intersections are produced on three different kinds of papersheets. The digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy are two non-destroy techniques used to decide, these sequences via cross lines. Four physical properties obtained at the crossing point under the digital microscope were, specular reflection, ink gloss, ink spreading and gap. The results of the digital microscope detect that the two kinds of crossing strokes except the red color of ink crossed over the toner. The results of Raman spectroscopy manifested that the crossing point similar to the pure ink executed later. The complementary techniques of Raman spectroscopy and the digital microscope were necessary to achieve a complete determination of the stroke's intersection sequences of the toner and ballpoint ink.

A Review of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Document Examination: Fundamentals, Mechanism, and Application

“…• Microscopy analysis is non-invasive, which preserves the integrity of the samples [2]. • This technique's cost-effectiveness and simplicity is preferable among researchers [65].…”

“…• Microscopic method can be misleading since this approach highly depends on human interpretation and the analyst's skills [65].…”

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

“…including any other technology used to prepare the document. The following 64 articles [ [548] , [549] , [550] , [551] , [552] , [553] , [554] , [555] , [556] , [557] , [558] , [559] , [560] , [561] , [562] , [563] , [564] , [565] , [566] , [567] , [568] , [569] , [570] , [571] , [572] , [573] , [574] , [575] , [576] , [577] , [578] , [579] , [580] ] [ [581] , [582] , [583] , [584] , [585] , [586] , [587] , [588] , [589] , [590] , [591] , [592] , [593] , [594] , [595] , [596] , [597] , [598] , [599] , [600] , [601] , [602] , [603] , [604] , [605] , [606] , [607] , [608] , [609] , [610] , [611] ], combined with 17 presentations [...…”

“…Chai and Li [ 550 ] wrote about the factors that influence sequencing between inks and toners. Shraa et al considered non-destructive techniques to detect the sequence of crossed gel pen ink with toner printed strokes [ 551 ] A more refined study by Shraa et al [ 552 ] then considered the physical and chemical characteristics of specular reflection, ink gloss, ink spreading and gap, using Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. Wu et al used laser fluorescence microscopy to study the intersections between stamp ink impressions and toner printing [ 553 ].…”