Using the PRECEDE model to plan a health promotion strategy for control of<i>Taenia solium</i>infections in northern Tanzania

Ngowi, Helena; Tolma, Eleni L.; Kassuku, A.A.; Mlozi, M. R. S.; Mlangwa, James E. D.; Carabin, Hélène; Willingham, A. L.

doi:10.1080/14635240.2007.10708099

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Not only was the knowledge on the impact of T. solium on human health and HCC in general limited, but also many participants did not consider themselves at risk of T. solium infection, despite living in areas with high T. solium endemicity and having heard about the parasite before, at least in the context of T. solium taeniasis. This was surprising because several studies on T. solium, with different research questions, had previously been conducted in some of the study districts [ 6 , 18 , 20 , 22 – 24 , 29 , 30 ]; among these studies were also studies that assessed appropriate T. solium health education packages which proved successful. This means that health education packages may not have had sustained effects on knowledge and practices regarding TSCT and that new health education packages not only need to deliver information on T. solium but also need to include the risk perception of participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in Tanzania

et al. 2022

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Background Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniasis (TSCT) is reported to be endemic in pig producing areas around the world, causing significant disease burden and economic losses. Methods This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding TSCT in four districts, namely Mbulu, Mpwapwa, Mbinga, and Rungwe in Tanzania. Data on KAP were collected through questionnaire-based interviews and household infrastructure observations. Results Knowledge about porcine cysticercosis was good, particularly among pig keepers across the districts. Many participants had heard about the pork tapeworm (T. solium taeniasis), and the knowledge about signs/symptoms and treatment was fair, but the means of transmission and prevention measures were often unknown. Whilst most participants were familiar with epilepsy, no one knew anything about human cysticercosis and the link between cysticercosis and epileptic seizures. A similar trend is reflected through the attitudes toward the low risk perception of cysticercosis infection. Not surprisingly, the risk perception of the infection with the pork tapeworm was low too. Many participants reported not washing their hands before eating or after using the toilet which highlights potential risks for the development of human cysticercosis. Albeit nearly every participant reported using the toilet always, household observations revealed that toilets were either lacking or had no complete walls. Generally, household observations revealed a discrepancy between questionnaire answers on the one hand and the availability of toilet and handwashing facilities and the confinement of pigs on the other hand. Conclusion This study demonstrates knowledge gaps and adverse practices which may hinder and/or slow down the control/elimination of T. solium in endemic countries. The study results are also useful for appropriate designing of TSCT health interventions that need to be planned carefully, taking into account the local context and designing TSCT in partnership with the local communities from the beginning to the end applying a One Health approach to allow the possible sustained and best impacts. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in Tanzania

et al. 2022

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“…Although pigs are screened by lingual examination prior to slaughter, it is likely that traders from experience refrain from purchasing pigs from households with a porcine cysticercosis history. Pigs found positive for T. solium in the screening process are presumed to be slaughtered in clandestine slaughter slabs (Ngowi et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Tanzania

Braae

Kabululu

Nørmark

et al. 2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Few studies have been carried out in Africa to estimate the prevalence of Taenia hydatigena. With the aim to determine the prevalence of T. hydatigena in slaughtered pigs and small ruminants (goats and sheep) in Mbeya, Tanzania, two cross-sectional surveys were carried out investigating pigs in April to May 2014 and small ruminants in September 2012. In total, 243 pigs were examined post-mortem for T. hydatigena cysts which were found in 16 (6.6 %) pigs. The majority (80 %) of cysts were found on the omentum and the rest on the liver (20 %), all on the visceral surface. Two pigs were also found infected with Taenia solium but showed no signs of other infections. A total of 392 goats and 27 sheep were examined post-mortem, and the prevalence of T. hydatigena was similar in goats and sheep with 45.7 and 51.9 %, respectively. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) from a subsample of metacestodes from goats and sheep confirmed the T. hydatigena infection. The prevalence found in small ruminants was comparable to other studies conducted in Africa, but for pigs, it is one of the highest recorded to date. The present study also confirms the occurrence of T. hydatigena and T. solium in pigs from Mbeya. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of T. hydatigena on production under sub-Saharan conditions and the financial consequences for smallholder farmers.

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“…The randomisation process was stratified by the baseline median prevalence of infection. More details of the methodology and some findings from this randomized trial have been provided elsewhere [12] , [14] , [15] , [16] . The flow of participants during the randomised trial was described following the primary analysis of the data [12] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Clustering of Porcine Cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Northern Tanzania

et al. 2010

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BackgroundPorcine cysticercosis is caused by a zoonotic tapeworm, Taenia solium, which causes serious disease syndromes in human. Effective control of the parasite requires knowledge on the burden and pattern of the infections in order to properly direct limited resources. The objective of this study was to establish the spatial distribution of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu district, northern Tanzania, to guide control strategies.Methodology/Principal FindingsThis study is a secondary analysis of data collected during the baseline and follow-up periods of a randomized community trial aiming at reducing the incidence rate of porcine cysticercosis through an educational program. At baseline, 784 randomly selected pig-keeping households located in 42 villages in 14 wards were included. Lingual examination of indigenous pigs aged 2–12 (median 8) months, one randomly selected from each household, were conducted. Data from the control group of the randomized trial that included 21 of the 42 villages were used for the incidence study. A total of 295 pig-keeping households were provided with sentinel pigs (one each) and reassessed for cysticercosis incidence once or twice for 2–9 (median 4) months using lingual examination and antigen ELISA. Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was computed in Epi Info 3.5. The prevalence and incidence of porcine cysticercosis were mapped at household level using ArcView 3.2. K functions were computed in R software to assess general clustering of porcine cysticercosis. Spatial scan statistics were computed in SatScan to identify local clusters of the infection. The overall prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 7.3% (95% CI: 5.6, 9.4; n = 784). The K functions revealed a significant overall clustering of porcine cysticercosis incidence for all distances between 600 m and 5 km from a randomly chosen case household based on Ag-ELISA. Lingual examination revealed clustering from 650 m to 6 km and between 7.5 and 10 km. The prevalence study did not reveal any significant clustering by this method. Spatial scan statistics found one significant cluster of porcine cysticercosis prevalence (P = 0.0036; n = 370). In addition, the analysis found one large cluster of porcine cysticercosis incidence based on Ag-ELISA (P = 0.0010; n = 236) and two relatively small clusters of incidence based on lingual examination (P = 0.0012 and P = 0.0026; n = 241). These clusters had similar spatial location and included six wards, four of which were identified as high risk areas of porcine cysticercosis.Conclusion/SignificanceThis study has identified local clusters of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu district, northern Tanzania, where limited resources for control of T. solium could be directed. Further studies are needed to establish causes of clustering to institute appropriate interventions.

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Using the PRECEDE model to plan a health promotion strategy for control ofTaenia soliuminfections in northern Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in Tanzania

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in Tanzania

Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Tanzania

Spatial Clustering of Porcine Cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Northern Tanzania

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