“…The SPH method has proven to be a useful and suitable method for modeling the shape and displacement rate of complex fluid flows during casting [2,5,7,15,17,33,34,[61][62][63][64][65][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. When discussing the application of the SPH method in casting simulation research, articles often refer to specific topics such as high pressure die casting [5,33,34,62,64,67], ingot casting [7], continuous casting [17], low pressure die casting [61], gravity casting [63,74], casting complex-shaped objects [69].…”