Using the Systematic Review Methodology To Evaluate Factors That Influence the Persistence of Influenza Virus in Environmental Matrices

Irwin, Christa; Yoon, Kyoung‐Jin; Wang, Chong; Hoff, Steven J.; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.; Denagamage, Thomas N.; O’Connor, Annette M.

doi:10.1128/aem.02733-09

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The virus persisted for longer in the samples stored at ϩ4°C than in those kept at ϩ20°C for all tissue types. The positive effect of cold temperature on viral survival was consistent with the results of related studies using other environmental media (8,9,10). As expected, the t 90 values representing the viral inactivation rate were lower at ϩ20°C than at ϩ4°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Survival of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Tissues Derived from Experimentally Infected Chickens

Yamamoto

Nakamura

Mase

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Eurasian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been a severe threat to the poultry industry since its emergence in 1996. The carcass or tissues derived from infected birds may present the risk of the virus spreading to humans, animals, and the surrounding environment. In this study, we investigated the survival of the virus in feather, muscle, and liver tissues collected from six chickens (Gallus gallus) experimentally infected with HPAI H5N1 virus. The tissues were stored at ϩ4°C or ϩ20°C, and viral isolation was performed at different times for 360 days. The maximum periods for viral survival were observed in samples stored at ϩ4°C in all tissue types and were 240 days in feather tissues, 160 days in muscle, and 20 days in liver. The viral infectivity at ϩ20°C was maintained for a maximum of 30 days in the feather tissues, 20 days in muscle, and 3 days in liver. The viral inactivation rates partly overlapped in the feather and muscle tissues at the two temperatures. The virus was inactivated rapidly in the liver. Our experimental results indicate that the tissue type and temperature can greatly influence the survival of HPAI H5N1 virus in the tissues of infected chickens.IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the H5N1 subtype can cause massive losses of poultry, and people need to handle a large number of chicken carcasses contaminated with the virus at outbreak sites. This study evaluated how long the virus can keep its infectivity in the three types of tissues derived from chickens infected with the virus. Our experimental results indicate that the virus can survive in tissues for a specific period of time depending on the tissue type and temperature. Our results are valuable for better understanding of viral ecology in the environment and for reducing the risk of the virus spreading via bird tissues contaminated with the virus.KEYWORDS chicken, H5N1 subtype, influenza A virus, survival, tissue S ince its emergence in 1996, Eurasian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been a severe threat to the poultry industry in Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (1, 2). In 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5 virus, with a hemagglutinin gene derived from Eurasian HPAI H5N1 virus, was introduced into North America (3). In total, 42 million chickens and 7.5 million turkeys were destroyed during outbreaks in the United States in 2014 to 2015 (4). HPAI H5N1 virus has also become a public health concern, and 907 human cases with a case fatality rate of 53.3% due to avian origin H5N1 influenza virus infection were reported during 1997 to 2015 (5). In particular, 82.5% of these human cases had a history of exposure to poultry prior to disease manifestation (5).Experimental studies have been performed to elucidate the survival of the avian influenza virus in the environment, using various media such as distilled water, environmental water, and bird feces (6, 7). Temperature, pH, and salinity are factors that greatly influence viral survival (8, 9, 10). A...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Temperature, pH, and salinity are factors that greatly influence viral survival (8,9,10). Additional factors, such as ammonia exposure (11), contamination status (12,13,14), and the virus strain (6,15), have been proposed.…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Tissues Derived from Experimentally Infected Chickens

Yamamoto

Nakamura

Mase

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Compared to spike tests, the lower recovery found in aerosol tests could be due to the poorer survivability of influenza virus in aerosol particles than in liquid suspension 2, 32. Another reason could be the inefficient physical removal of virus from non‐wovens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of spike and aerosol challenge tests for the recovery of viable influenza virus from non‐woven fabrics

Zuo

Abin

Chander

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundTo experimentally determine the survival kinetics of influenza virus on personal protective equipment (PPE) and to evaluate the risk of virus transfer from PPE, it is important to compare the effects on virus recovery of the method used to contaminate the PPE with virus and the type of eluent used to recover it.MethodsAvian influenza virus (AIV) was applied as a liquid suspension (spike test) and as an aerosol to three types of non‐woven fabrics [polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and polyamide (Nylon)] that are commonly used in the manufacture of PPE. This was followed by virus recovery using eight different eluents (phosphate‐buffered saline, minimum essential medium, and 1·5% or 3·0% beef extract at pH 7, 8, or 9).ResultsFor spike tests, no statistically significant difference was found in virus recovery using any of the eluents tested. Hydrophobic surfaces (PP and PET) yielded higher spiked virus recovery than hydrophilic Nylon. From all materials, the virus recovery was much lower in aerosol challenge tests than in spike tests.ConclusionsSignificant differences were found in the recovery of viable AIV from non‐woven fabrics between spike and aerosol challenge tests. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for realistic aerosol challenge tests rather than liquid spike tests in studies of virus survival on surfaces where airborne transmission of influenza virus may get involved.

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“…Recent studies have examined the capacity of survival of AIV in experimental infections [7], in water [8], [9] and on diverse inanimate surfaces under different in vitro conditions [10]. In addition, the main routes and enhancing conditions of AIV transmission have been studied experimentally and using mathematical models [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Factors Driving Avian Influenza Virus Dynamics in Spanish Wetland Ecosystems

et al. 2012

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Studies exploring the ecological interactions between avian influenza viruses (AIV), natural hosts and the environment are scarce. Most work has focused on viral survival and transmission under laboratory conditions and through mathematical modelling. However, more integrated studies performed under field conditions are required to validate these results. In this study, we combined information on bird community, environmental factors and viral epidemiology to assess the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors in the occurrence of low pathogenic AIV in Spanish wetlands. For that purpose, seven locations in five different wetlands were studied during two years (2007–2009), including seven sampling visits by location. In each survey, fresh faeces (n = 4578) of wild birds and water samples were collected for viral detection. Also, the vegetation structure, water physical properties of wetlands, climatic conditions and wild bird community composition were determined. An overall AIV prevalence of 1.7%±0.4 was detected in faecal samples with important fluctuations among seasons and locations. Twenty-six AIV were isolated from the 78 RRT-PCR positive samples and eight different haemagglutinines and five neuraminidases were identified, being the combination H3N8 the most frequent. Variation partitioning procedures identified the combination of space and time variables as the most important pure factor – independently to other factors – explaining the variation in AIV prevalence (36.8%), followed by meteorological factor (21.5%) and wild bird community composition/vegetation structure (21.1%). These results contribute to the understanding of AIV ecological drivers in Spanish ecosystems and provide useful guidelines for AIV risk assessment identifying potential hotspots of AIV activity.

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Using the Systematic Review Methodology To Evaluate Factors That Influence the Persistence of Influenza Virus in Environmental Matrices

Cited by 44 publications

References 93 publications

Survival of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Tissues Derived from Experimentally Infected Chickens

Survival of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Tissues Derived from Experimentally Infected Chickens

Comparison of spike and aerosol challenge tests for the recovery of viable influenza virus from non‐woven fabrics

Ecological Factors Driving Avian Influenza Virus Dynamics in Spanish Wetland Ecosystems

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