Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints

Szust, Agnieszka; Adamski, Grzegorz

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105932

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The printed specimens were annealed under different temperatures of 80 C, 100 C, and 120 C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h. Both ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus had the highest values, according to the findings, in the specimens annealed at 100 C for 2 h. There are similar studies in this area; for instance, the thermal annealing process at the temperature of 60 C for 1 h resulted in 24% strength improvement in the FDM-PLA parts. 12 Another research about FDM-PLA parts indicated 11%-17% improvement in the flexural strength under the annealing temperature of 215 C, and the obtained results confirmed an increase in the degree of crystallinity. 13 Bhandari et al 14 also annealed the PLA parts over the glass transition temperature to investigate their interlayer tensile strength and observed a better strength for the annealed specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Heat treatment effects on fracture resistance of additively manufactured PLA specimens under mode I loading

Ayatollahi

Rezaeian

Nabavi-Kivi

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Heat treatment effects on fracture resistance of additively manufactured PLA specimens under mode I loading

Ayatollahi

Rezaeian

Nabavi-Kivi

et al. 2022

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…Szust and Adamski studied the effect of build orientation and annealing on the ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus of PLA FDM specimens [15]. This study demonstrates that PLA FDM specimens printed in ZYX orientation and annealed at 60°C for 60 minutes exhibit an increase in UTS and a decrease in tensile modulus.…”

Section: J U R N a L P O L I M E S I Nmentioning

confidence: 87%

Untitled

2023

Jurnal Polimesin

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Thermal annealing can be implemented to improve the mechanical strength of a 3D-printed object. The critical parameters of thermal annealing are temperature and holding time. Based on the literature review, the implemented annealing temperature affects the required holding time. As using a lower annealing temperature and holding time can reduce the required heat and increase the efficiency of the process, this research investigates the implementation of the annealing temperature near the glass transition temperature with a short holding time. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the thermal annealing temperature range of 65°C to 85°C and the holding time of 45 minutes to 75 minutes on the ultimate tensile strength of a polylactic acid part printed using fused deposition modeling. The experiment implemented a 3 2 -factorial design methodology with two replications. The experiment results show that thermal annealing slightly above the glass transition temperature promotes higher interlayer diffusion of raster and layers, increasing ultimate tensile strength. Meanwhile, the investigated holding time does not influence the ultimate tensile strength of the annealed part. As the holding time range might not be able to accomplish the maximum crystallization for the annealing temperature range between 65°C and 85°C, further research is required to study the influence of a longer holding time on the ultimate tensile strength of the specimen annealed at a slightly above the glass transition temperature.

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“…Such a course of viscoelastic properties suggests that the thermal resistance of materials after the printing process will still be at a level similar to the PLA reference results. The results of DSC measurements suggest the possibility of increasing the content of the crystalline phase; however, an annealing procedure will be necessary [ 22 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. For the tested materials, it would be possible already at 100 °C, but in the perspective of using this method on ready-made models with a more complex geometry than standardized ISO test samples, the softening process would certainly lead to permanent deformation of the part’s geometry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Nanoscale Montmorillonite (MMT) as Reinforcement for Polylactide Acid (PLA) Prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)—Comparative Study with Biocarbon and Talc Fillers

2022

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The subject of the presented research focuses on a comparative assessment of three types of polymer fillers used to modify highly crystalline poly(lactic acid) PLA intended for the FDM technique. The aim of the presented work was to determine the performance of the developed materials. The key aspect of the work was the use of polymer fillers of three different types. Nano-sized montmorillonite (MMT), biobased biocarbon (BC) and mineral talc. The several types of composites were prepared using extrusion technique. The maximum content for BC and talc filler was limited to 20 wt%, while for MMT it was 5 wt%. Prepared samples were subjected to detailed material analysis including mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, Charpy), thermal analysis (DSC, DMTA), HDT/Vicat tests and structure analysis. The results of the test confirmed that even relatively small amount of nano-type filler can be more efficient than micrometric particles. The used type of matrix was highly crystalline PLA, which resulted in a significant nucleation effect of the crystalline structure. However, thermomechanical tests revealed no improvement in thermal resistance. Microscopic survey confirmed that for MMT and talc filler the structure anisotropy was leading to more favorable properties, especially when compared to structures based on spherical BC particles.

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Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Heat treatment effects on fracture resistance of additively manufactured PLA specimens under mode I loading

Heat treatment effects on fracture resistance of additively manufactured PLA specimens under mode I loading

Untitled

The Use of Nanoscale Montmorillonite (MMT) as Reinforcement for Polylactide Acid (PLA) Prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)—Comparative Study with Biocarbon and Talc Fillers

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