The ReaxFF molecular
dynamics simulations, which can predict chemical
reactions, were performed on integral asphalt and individual asphalt
molecules at different temperatures and oxygen levels to investigate
the oxidation mechanism of asphalt and develop a molecular model suitable
for aged asphalt. The simulation of integral asphalt suggests that
the main oxidation products of asphalt are C–O, H–O,
and S–O bonds. The oxygen level has the greatest influence
on the yield of C–O bonds, and the temperature has the greatest
influence on the H–O bonds. The simulation of individual asphalt
molecules indicated that the oxidation of asphalt is accompanied by
the decomposition of the aromatic rings, and thus, the aromaticity
of the oxidized asphalt is decreased. Oxidation of asphaltenes starts
with the oxygen molecules attacking the aromatic ring and generating
a ketone, while the initial reactions of the other components are
diverse. In addition, the simulation results were validated with Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance tests
and were used to study the effects of oxidation on the characteristics
of asphalt. The results suggested that the introduction of oxygen-containing
functional groups decreases the component compatibility of asphalt
and causes the aged asphalt to be harder and more viscous.