Using three-point bending to evaluate tibia bone strength in ovariectomized young mice

Deckard, Charles; Walker, Azida; Hill, Brent J.F.

doi:10.1007/s10867-016-9439-y

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“… 106 Although QUS indices correlate with bone mass and several bone microarchitectural indices, 48 they cannot be used directly to infer bone strength as in the studies of Wu et al 94 A biomechanical assessment, like the three-point bending flexural test, 107 can indicate bone strength directly. 108 However, the destructive nature of this test prohibits its use among live subjects. Reference point indentation or micro-indentation test is an alternative method to estimate bone strength in vivo directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

Pang

Ekeuku

Chin

2021

RMHP

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Air pollution is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which predispose to several chronic diseases in human. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity and progression of osteoporosis are directly associated with inflammation induced by air pollutants like particulate matter (PM). This systematic review examined the relationship between PM and bone health or fractures. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January until February 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Human cross-sectional, cohort and case–control studies were considered. Of the 1500 papers identified, 14 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The air pollution index investigated by most studies were PM 2.5 and PM 10 . Current studies demonstrated inconsistent associations between PM and osteoporosis risk or fractures, which may partly due to the heterogeneity in subjects’ characteristics, study design and analysis. In conclusion, there is an inconclusive relationship between osteoporosis risk and fracture and PM exposures which require further validation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

Pang

Ekeuku

Chin

2021

RMHP

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“…Using 3-point bending assays ( Fig. 3B ), OVX in mice has been shown to significantly decrease tibial mechanical properties including maximal load to fracture, elasticity, stiffness, maximal stress at failure, and stiffness in 6-week-old C57BL/6 female mice [ 59 ]. Although this study did not assess BMAT, another group used 14-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice to show that OVX increased BMAT volume fraction and average adipocyte size and number, and decreased bone volume fraction [ 60 ].…”

Section: In Vivo Models Of Bmatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Marrow Adipose Tissue

Reagan

2020

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Purpose of the Review: The purpose of this review is to describe the in vitro and in vivo methods that researchers use to model and investigate bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds). Recent Findings: The bone marrow (BM) niche is one of the most interesting and dynamic tissues of the human body. Relatively little is understood about BMAds, perhaps in part because these cells do not easily survive flow cytometry and histology processing and hence have been overlooked. Recently, researchers have developed in vitro and in vivo models to study normal function and dysfunction in the BM niche. Using these models, scientists and clinicians have noticed that BMAds, which form bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), are able to respond to numerous signals and stimuli, and communicate with local cells and distant tissues in the body. Summary: This review provides an overview of how BMAds are modeled and studied in vitro and in vivo .

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“…Most research aimed at developing new strategies to reduce osteoporosis-related fracture is carried out in rodents. 6–8 Rodent models have helped to develop our understanding of osteoporotic fracture prevention 6,8,9 and the biomechanical features of osteopenic cortical and trabecular bone. 6,8 The most frequently used osteoporosis models have involved ovariectomy of either mice or rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6–8 Rodent models have helped to develop our understanding of osteoporotic fracture prevention 6,8,9 and the biomechanical features of osteopenic cortical and trabecular bone. 6,8 The most frequently used osteoporosis models have involved ovariectomy of either mice or rats. 7–9 Whilst these have extensive utility, an unavoidable challenge which they provide is that ovariectomy exerts a multitude of systemic influences, including weight gain that can significantly complicate how any modification in bone cortical and trabecular architectural strength might be interpreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have evaluated biomechanical rodent diaphyseal cortical bone characteristics by 3-/4-point bending methods to inform potential translation for clinical femur fracture risk. 1,6 Their application to tibiae from ovariectomised mice has shown a reduced cross-sectional area and bone weakness, with diminished stiffness and strain at failure. 6 The marked conformational, macro- and micro-structural differences between the femoral neck and diaphyseal regions may, however, render these 3-/4-point bending methods poorly analogous to the physiological scenario as the cortical thickness and the percent of trabecular bone diverges markedly between the femoral neck and the diaphysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of two different approaches for the study of femoral neck fracture: Towards a more relevant rodent model

Monzem

Gohin

Ballester

et al. 2021

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Femoral neck fractures are a massive personal and health programme burden. Methods to study femoral neck strength, across its combined trabecular and cortical components are therefore essential. Rodent ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis models are commonly coupled with ex vivo 3-/4-point bending methods to measure changes in femoral cortical diaphysis. The loading direction used to assess these properties are often non-physiologic and, moreover, these ovariectomy models are linked to marked weight gain that can influence the biomechanical properties. Herein, we explore whether more physiological axial ex vivo loading protocols applied to femoral neck samples of ovariectomised (OVX) rodents provide anatomically-relevant models for the assessment of strength. We examine the use of mouse and rat femurs, loaded in constrained and unconstrained configuration, respectively, and explore whether weight-correction increases their utility. Accordingly, the mid-shaft of the proximal half of femurs from OVX and sham-operated (Sham) mice was methacrylate-anchored and the head loaded parallel to the diaphysis (constrained). Alternatively, femurs from OVX and Sham rats were isolated intact and axially-loaded through hip and knee joint articular surfaces (unconstrained). Yield displacement, stiffness, maximum load and resilience were measured and fracture pattern classified; effects of body weight-correction via a linear regression method or simple division were assessed. Our data reveal significant deficiencies in biomechanical properties in OVX mouse femurs loaded in constrained configuration, only after weight-correction by linear regression. In addition, evaluation of rat femur biomechanics in unconstrained loading demonstrated greater variation and that weight-correction by simple division improved scope to reveal significant OVX impact. We conclude that greater femoral neck fracture susceptibility can indeed be measured in OVX rodents as long as multiple biomechanical parameters are reported, care is taken in choosing the method for assessing load-bearing strength and weight-correction applied. These studies advance the establishment of more relevant rodent models for the study of femoral neck fracture.

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Using three-point bending to evaluate tibia bone strength in ovariectomized young mice

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

Critical Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Marrow Adipose Tissue

An examination of two different approaches for the study of femoral neck fracture: Towards a more relevant rodent model

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