Using Triaxial Tests to Determine the Shearing Strength of Geogrid-Reinforced Sand

Skuodis, Šarūnas; Dirgėlienė, Neringa; Medzvieckas, Jurgis

doi:10.2478/sgem-2020-0005

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This phenomenon was more obvious in fine-grained sands. Similar laboratory studies and results regarding the performance of reinforced sands in triaxial shear apparatus have been reported by Moghaddas and Asakereh (2007), Khaniki and Daliri (2012), Mindiastiwi et al (2021), Skuodis et al (2020), and Yi and Du (2020) [5,6,8,17,18].…”

Section: A Review Of the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Reinforces are produced as strips, meshes, wires, cloth, felt, and various composites made of steel, aluminum, plastic, polymers, and hybrid materials. Various elements, including natural cellulose or carbonate fibers such as plant roots, human and animal hair, woven or non-woven synthetic fibers made of glass, steel, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester in the form of geocomposites, geotextiles, geogrids, geosynthetics, geomembranes, etc have been incorporated for soil reinforcement [4][5][6][7]. Geogrids are one such reinforcing element, widely used in soil reinforcement to increase the bearing capacity and reduce settlement by improving the shear strength and deformation parameters of the soil [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the triaxial test that possesses this ability was used in this research [9,10]. The shear strength of reinforced aggregates depends on different factors, including the condition of the soil, the shape and dimensions of the grains, the type of loading, environmental stress conditions, and the material, strength, and arrangement of the reinforcing elements in the soil mass [5]. Given that soil shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) are among the most effective factors in determining the failure capacity of soils, their accurate estimation is essential in all types of geotechnical designs, such as load-bearing analysis of shallow and deep foundations, slope stability and embankment design against static and dynamic loads, liquefaction, and excavation design [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of maximum diameter of geogrid-reinforced sandy soil particles on shear strength parameters

Fateh,

Goleij

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Geogrid reinforcement is an effective method for improving the strength characteristics and bearing capacity of granular soils. The dimensional ratio of the diameter of soil particles to the mesh size of geogrid apertures can be effective on the strength performance and stress- deformation of the reinforced soil. To explore these factors, a sandy soil sample from Tonekabon (Iran) was separated into three gradations with a maximum particle diameter of 4.75, 2, and 0.425 mm, with an average relative density of about 57%. The samples were reinforced with two types of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mesh as a geogrid, with aperture dimensions of 5 and 3 mm. All the samples were subjected to compressive loading in the triaxial shear apparatus under effective stress conditions. With a relative increase in the mesh size of the geogrid aperture to the maximum dimension of the reinforced soil grains, the internal friction angle decreased. Moreover, reinforcement of non-cohesive sandy soil caused apparent cohesion in the consolidated undrained conditions, and this was more evident with the reduction of the maximum diameter of sand particles. Decreasing the maximum diameter of the particles from 4.75 to 0.425 mm in the unreinforced and reinforced conditions caused the internal friction angle of the soil to drop by about 8%–10%. For the non-cohesive sandy soil, the results showed that soil reinforcement caused a more salient apparent cohesion in the soil with the maximum diameter of smaller particles. The sand passing through sieve #40 (0.425 mm) showed a cohesion of 0.2 to 0.34 kg/cm2 upon reinforcement with both types of meshes, while the soil lacked significant cohesion in the unreinforced conditions.

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Section: A Review Of the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of maximum diameter of geogrid-reinforced sandy soil particles on shear strength parameters

Fateh,

Goleij

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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“…Scholars employing this method have documented significant findings regarding the mechanical properties of reinforced soils. Zakarka et al conducted studies on geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils through triaxial testing and observed that increasing perimeter pressure reduces the effectiveness of geogrid reinforcement [15,16]. Xiaobin et al investigated the shear performance of such soils reinforced with geogrids using large-scale triaxial tests, revealing that geogrids significantly enhance viscous cohesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triaxial Test and Discrete Element Numerical Simulation of Geogrid-Reinforced Clay Soil

Wang,

Hu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Indoor triaxial tests on geogrid-reinforced clay elucidate the macroscopic changes in soil strength indices post-reinforcement, yet the underlying mechanisms of strength enhancement require further investigation. By conducting indoor triaxial tests and establishing a corresponding discrete element numerical model, we can delve into the fine-scale mechanisms of geogrid-reinforced soil. This includes analyzing changes in fine-scale parameters such as porosity, the coordination number, and contact stress between soil particles. The findings suggest that an increase in the number of geogrid reinforcement layers leads to a more pronounced improvement in peak strength and cohesion, albeit with minimal impact on the internal friction angle of the specimens. Furthermore, analysis of the triaxial test curves of reinforced soils indicates that the stress–strain relationship adheres to the Duncan–Chang model. Parameters derived from this model have been validated against experimental data, confirming their accuracy. The discrete element model was used to analyze the variations in fine-scale parameters such as porosity and coordination number. It revealed that reinforcement reduces the fluctuation amplitude of porosity and significantly increases the number of particle contacts, resulting in a denser soil structure. Further analysis of the change in contact stress between particles in the discrete element model revealed that the contact force between particles increased significantly after reinforcement and that the reinforcement played a role in restraining the soil particles and dispersing the reinforcement stress, which explains the increase in the strength of the mesh-reinforced clays from another perspective. This further elucidates the strength enhancement mechanism in geogrid-reinforced clay, offering a new perspective on the mechanical behavior and strength development of such materials.

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“…Triaxial tests were first used by Koga et al (1988) to explore reinforced sandy soils using metal strips as the reinforcement material. Skuodis et al (2020) conducted triaxial tests on sandy soils reinforced with flexible geogrids or rigid geogrids and unreinforced sandy soils. By comparing the test results, it was found that the reinforcement behavior increased the internal friction angle and cohesion of the sandy soil, thus increasing the shear strength of the soil.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study on the shear and deformation characteristics of geogrid-reinforced gravelly soils based on large-scale triaxial tests

Liu,

Pan,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Earth Sci.

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Geogrid reinforcement has a limiting effect on the lateral deformation and thus improves the shear strength of the soil, the overall strength of the soil and the overall stability of the corresponding geotechnical structure. In this study, large-scale triaxial tests without and with geogrid reinforcement were conducted on three typical gravelly soils in Xinjiang using a large-scale triaxial apparatus. The shear strength and deformation characteristics of gravelly soils with different particle shapes and the stress-strain relations, strength characteristics, damage patterns, and reinforcement effects of gravelly soils with and without reinforcement were investigated. Geogrid reinforcement effectively enhances the strength of the soil; the internal friction angle remained relatively constant with and without reinforcement, whereas the cohesive force increased significantly. The reinforcement effects interpreted from the results obtained from the triaxial tests were discovered when a certain deformation or relative displacement with the reinforcement materials of the soil occurred. Under uniform test conditions, the volumetric strain of the samples of gravelly soil with reinforcement significantly decreased with increasing confining pressure, and the difference in volumetric strains with and without reinforcement was greater when the confining pressure was higher. The highlight of this study is its significance in explaining the reinforcement mechanism in gravelly soils and in selecting engineering design parameters.

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Using Triaxial Tests to Determine the Shearing Strength of Geogrid-Reinforced Sand

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

The effect of maximum diameter of geogrid-reinforced sandy soil particles on shear strength parameters

The effect of maximum diameter of geogrid-reinforced sandy soil particles on shear strength parameters

Triaxial Test and Discrete Element Numerical Simulation of Geogrid-Reinforced Clay Soil

Study on the shear and deformation characteristics of geogrid-reinforced gravelly soils based on large-scale triaxial tests

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