Using ultrasound to increase copper and nickel dissolution and prevent passivation using concentrated ionic fluid.

Observation of cavitation dynamics in viscous deep eutectic solvents during power ultrasound sonication

“…This allows a mostly qualitative characterisation of the cavitation region. Several studies utilise high-speed imaging (HSI) to directly observe cavitation activity, which at sufficiently high frame rates, allow bubble dynamics to be resolved [10,12,[22][23][24][25]. The acoustic emissions generated by the cavitation can also be monitored with some form of cavitation detector or hydrophone.…”