In order to promote mutual assistance and complete learning tasks of students in a heterogeneous group, the cooperative learning was used in this study. In this paper, the teaching model of cooperative learning was explored and practiced by combining it with teaching microbiology. As was shown in the result, the use of cooperative learning in teaching microbiology can not only stimulate the interest of students to learn but also encourage their participation and cooperation, and improve their practice and innovation skills. To sum up, by using cooperative learning method, learning efficiency and creativity of students has been improved. Moreover, Learning autonomy and enthusiasm are significantly improved in this teaching method.