Using vibrational infrared biomolecular spectroscopy to detect heat-induced changes of molecular structure in relation to nutrient availability of prairie whole oat grains on a molecular basis

Abstract

BackgroundTo our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing methods on interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure in terms of functional groups that are related to protein and starch inherent structure of oat grains with two continued years and three replication of each year.MethodThe oat grains were kept as raw (control) or heated in an air-draft oven (dry roasting: DO) at 120 °C for 60 min and under microwave irradiation (MIO) for 6 min. The molecular structure features were revealed by vibrational infrared molecular spectroscopy.ResultsThe results showed that rumen degradability of dry matter, protein and starch was significantly lower (P <0.05) for MIO compared to control and DO treatments. A higher protein α-helix to β-sheet and a lower amide I to starch area ratio were observed for MIO compared to DO and/or raw treatment. A negative correlation (−0.99, P < 0.01) was observed between α-helix or amide I to starch area ratio and dry matter. A positive correlation (0.99, P < 0.01) was found between protein β-sheet and crude protein.ConclusionThe results reveal that oat grains are more sensitive to microwave irradiation than dry heating in terms of protein and starch molecular profile and nutrient availability in ruminants.

In situ degradation of dairy cattle feedstuffs using reusable local nylon fabric bags

“…From the physical and in situ utility characteristics, it can be concluded that B2 had similar results to B6. Synthetic fibers, such as Dacron fabric [5,14], polyester (ANKOM Co., Fairport, NY) [15], polyamide [17], the blend of polyester and silk [4], and nytex (mononylon cloth #3-270-53 ASTM, B and SH Thompson and Co. Ltd., Montreal) [18], have been used for bag fabrics in in situ studies. As one of the synthetic fiber producers, Indonesian local nylon fabrics have the potential to be used in the in situ study.…”

“…Among such factors, it is possible to include digestion rate, bag porosity, preparation method, feed particle size, microbial contamination, rinsing method, incubation in different cows, days, bags, and chemical analysis of residues [13]. The material used to make the bag for the in situ methods includes the Dacron fabric [5,14], polyester [15,16] (ANKOM Co., Fairport, NY), polyamide [17], the blend of polyester and silk [4], and nytex (mononylon cloth #3-270-53 ASTM, B and SH Thompson and Co. Ltd., Montreal) [18] materials. Ankom technology produces the most frequent bags in the current in situ method.…”

Starch Properties, Nutrients Profiles, In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Molecular Structure of Corn Processed in Different Ways

“…Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared (ATR-FT/IR) molecular spectroscopy is a technique that can reveal the molecular structure of biological tissues with ultra-high spatial resolution [12]. This method has been applied successfully to evaluate the carbohydrate or protein molecular structure of faba [13], canola seed [14], oats [15], barley [16], carinata meal [17], and alfalfa hay [18]. The results revealed correlations between the molecular structure characteristics and nutrient degradation in the rumen of consumers.…”