Using Virtual Environments to Improve Real-World Motor Skills in Sports: A Systematic Review

Michalski, Stefan Carlo; Szpak, Ancrêt; Loetscher, Tobias

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02159

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…VR allows for the manipulation of the body representation in terms of structure, size, morphology, and perspective [3,4]. Skills learned in adequate VR training with proper stimuli can be transferred to a real-world setting (for review see [5]). Previous studies in the field of psychology have shown that a virtual body can increase the feeling of presence and the degree of reality (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of body visualization on performance in head-mounted display virtual reality

et al. 2020

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Although there are many virtual reality (VR) applications in sports, only a handful of studies visualized the whole body. There is still a lack of understanding, how much of the own body must be visualized in the head-mounted display (HMD) based VR, to ensure fidelity and similar performance outcome as in the real-world. In the current study, 20 young and healthy participants completed three tasks in a real and virtual environment: balance task, grasping task, and throwing task with a ball. The aim was to find out the meaning of the visualization of different body parts for the quality of movement execution and to derive future guidelines for virtual body presentation. In addition, a comparison of human performance between reality and VR, with whole-body visualization was made. Focusing on the main goal of the current study, there were differences within the measured parameters due to the visualization of different body parts. In the balance task, the differences within the VR body visualization consisted mainly through nobody visualization (NB) compared to the other visualization types defined as whole-body (WB), WB except feet (NF), as well as WB except feet and legs (NLF). In the grasping task, the different body visualization seemed to have no impact on the participants' performances. In the throwing task, the whole-body visualization led to higher accuracy compared to the other visualization types. Regarding the comparison between the conditions, we found significant differences between reality and VR, which had a large effect on the parameters time for completion in the balance and grasping task, the number of foot strikes on the beam in the balance task, as well as the subjective estimation of the difficulty for all tasks. However, the number of errors and the quality of the performances did not differ significantly. The current study was the first study comparing sportsrelated tasks in VR and reality with further manipulations (occlusions of body parts) of the virtual body. For studies analyzing perception and sports performance or for VR sports interventions, we recommend the visualization of the whole body in real-time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There already exist some intervention studies in immersive VR, which showed benefits from such training (e.g. [33][34][35]) but the transfer into reality is often unresolved (for review see [5]). In addition, there are only a few studies, which compared sportsspecific behavior in VR and the real-world (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of body visualization on performance in head-mounted display virtual reality

et al. 2020

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“…In developing an appropriate evidence base for the use of VR training, one of the biggest challenges is demonstrating real-world transfer (Michalski et al 2019). While evidence for positive transfer in sporting tasks is limited, there is a body of evidence from surgical skills training which suggests simulators can facilitate task expertise in the real world (Gurusamy et al 2008;Haque and Srinivasan 2006;Lerner et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increase in the use of VR within sport science (for reviews see Neumann et al 2018;Michalski et al 2019), little work has been carried out that has examined expertise differences in simulated environments. In a recent study, Harris et al (2019a) examined the construct validity of a VR golf-putting simulator using elite and novice golfers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the construct validity of a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator using novice, academy, and professional soccer players

et al. 2020

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Virtual reality (VR) provides the potential for immersive and engaging training solutions for improving sport performance. However, if VR training is to be adopted and used in an effective and evidence-based fashion, a more rigorous assessment of the validity of the simulation is required. Construct validity is the degree to which the simulation provides an accurate representation of core features of the task. In the context of sport, if the training drills in the VR environment are a true representation of the skills needed in the real world, then those that excel at the sport in the real world should also excel in the virtual one. In this experiment, we examined the construct validity of a soccer-specific VR simulator by recruiting professional, academy, and novice players. Seventeen participants in each group completed four VR soccer drills, and the VR software provided scores relating to performance and process (e.g., passing accuracy, composure, reaction time, and adaptability). Based on these scores, an algorithm gave a diagnostic score relating to the predicted ability of the player. Results showed that this VR platform successfully differentiated between participants of differing skill levels. These results provide some support for the construct validity of this VR simulator and suggest at least partial overlap between the perceptualcognitive and motor skills needed to perform well across 'real' and virtual environments. Further work is needed to explore the validity and fidelity of the simulation before its adoption as a training device can be fully endorsed.

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“…Though ensuring level-corresponding training is difficult in the real world, it is much easier in virtual reality (VR). Moreover, training in VR also promises to improve real-world skills [2]. Regarding the specific approach of altering time in VR training, previous research studied the approach's effects on cognitive load [3]; however, its effects on motor skills have not yet been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediated-Timescale Learning: Manipulating Timescales in Virtual Reality to Improve Real-World Tennis Forehand Volley

Jiang

Rekimoto

2020

26th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

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Using Virtual Environments to Improve Real-World Motor Skills in Sports: A Systematic Review

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of body visualization on performance in head-mounted display virtual reality

Effects of body visualization on performance in head-mounted display virtual reality

Testing the construct validity of a soccer-specific virtual reality simulator using novice, academy, and professional soccer players

Mediated-Timescale Learning: Manipulating Timescales in Virtual Reality to Improve Real-World Tennis Forehand Volley

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