Using virtual reality environment to facilitate training with advanced upper-limb prosthesis

Abstract

Abstract-Technological advances in upper-limb prosthetic design offer dramatically increased possibilities for powered movement. The DEKA Arm system allows users 10 powered degrees of movement. Learning to control these movements by utilizing a set of motions that, in most instances, differ from those used to obtain the desired action prior to amputation is a challenge for users. In the Department of Veterans Affairs "Study to Optimize the DEKA Arm," we attempted to facilitate motor learning by using a virtual reality environment (VRE) program. This VRE program allows users to practice controlling an avatar using the controls designed to operate the DEKA Arm in the real world. In this article, we provide highlights from our experiences implementing VRE in training amputees to use the full DEKA Arm. This article discusses the use of VRE in amputee rehabilitation, describes the VRE system used with the DEKA Arm, describes VRE training, provides qualitative data from a case study of a subject, and provides recommendations for future research and implementation of VRE in amputee rehabilitation. Our experience has led us to believe that training with VRE is particularly valuable for upper-limb amputees who must master a large number of controls and for those amputees who need a structured learning environment because of cognitive deficits.

User ratings of prosthetic usability and satisfaction in VA study to optimize DEKA Arm

“…After DEKA Arm controls were set up, subjects were familiarized with controls and arm features by using the virtual reality environment, an interactive computer software program [13]. Subjects were then trained in use of the device over the course of 10 or 15 two hour training sessions, depending on level of amputation.…”

“…The SC DEKA Arm has 10 powered degrees of freedom (20 movements) and additional passive degrees of freedom [13][14]. A major change in the gen 3 was the inclusion of a compound wrist that combined the movements of radial deviation with wrist flexion and the movements of ulnar deviation with wrist extension.…”

Virtual and Augmented Reality: A New Approach to Aid Users of Myoelectric Prostheses

“…In similar fashion, Resnik et al [37] show the use of VR as an aiding tool for training users of advanced upper-limb prostheses. The device known as DEKA Arm (DEKA Research & Development Corporation) allows users 10 powered degrees of movement (Figure 10a).…”

Self-reported and performance-based outcomes using DEKA Arm

“…After socket fitting and setup of DEKA Arm controls, subjects were oriented to the device features and controls through an interactive virtual reality environment software program [14] and then trained in the use of the device by the study therapists using a standardized protocol. Prosthetic use training began with reinforcement of prosthetic control patterns of motions, proceeded to simple grasp and release activities, and progressed to more complex functional tasks.…”

“…The device is operated by a combination of methods that includes foot controls, optional EMG controls, pressure switches, or other commonly available prosthetic input elements. The DEKA Arm system that includes a powered shoulder employs end-point control that enables simultaneous control of multiple arm joints, minimizing the cognitive burden required to control all upper-limb joints separately [14][15]. The mechanical properties of the DEKA Arm are easy to observe.…”