Using virtual reality for forensic examinations of injuries

Koller, Stephanie; Ebert, Lars C.; Martinez, Rosa Maria; Sieberth, Till

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.006

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While of course it is already standard to perform accurate size measurements of anatomical structures on a conventional 2D screen using medical imaging data, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the validation of orbital VR diameter measurements. The obtained results appear equivalent to similar studies in other medical subspecialties using a VR environment, photogrammetry or computed tomography (CT) [19][20][21] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

Maloca

Faludi

Żelechowski

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Clinical science and medical imaging technology are traditionally displayed in two dimensions (2D) on a computer monitor. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) expands the realm of 2D image visualization, enabling an immersive VR experience with unhindered spatial interaction by the user. Thus far, analysis of data extracted from VR applications was mainly qualitative. In this study, we enhance VR and provide evidence for quantitative VR research by validating digital VR display of computed tomography (CT) data of the orbit. Volumetric CT data were transferred and rendered into a VR environment. Subsequently, seven graders performed repeated and blinded diameter measurements. the intergrader variability of the measurements in VR was much lower compared to measurements in the physical world and measurements were reasonably consistent with their corresponding elements in the real context. The overall VR measurements were 5.49% higher. As such, this study attests the ability of VR to provide similar quantitative data alongside the added benefit of VR interfaces. VR entails a lot of potential for the future research in ophthalmology and beyond in any scientific field that uses three-dimensional data. Orbital tumors can either be primary, arising from structures within the orbit, or secondary, due to metastatic spread of a primary tumor elsewhere 1-3. A myriad of clinical findings suggest the presence of an orbital mass, namely proptosis, diplopia, pain, conjunctival congestion and varying degrees of visual loss 4,5. Diagnosis relies on adequate clinical examination and orbital imaging like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) 6. Despite the great progress in medical imaging, the diagnosis of orbital lesions based on neuroimaging features may lack characteristic imaging features. Often, the diagnosis of specific orbital disorders such as Graves' disease associated orbitopathy, orbital inflammation, orbital lymphoma, lacrimal gland epithelial tumor, metastatic carcinoma, and vascular orbital lesions is ambiguous 7-10. Confirmation of the diagnosis frequently relies on a biopsy which can be technically challenging and prone to complications due to the dense arrangement of tissue or inaccessibility of many of these lesions 11. Visualization of orbital lesions is still based on pre-surgery image assessment of two-dimensional (2D) data visualization on a computer monitor or on intraoperative exploration 12,13. There are increasing possibilities for presentation and interaction with virtual reality 14. In this context, virtual reality (VR) has recently been optimized as an enhanced medical image display method and showed to safeguard visual comfort 15,16. The main objective of this study was to extend current medical image display and validate the level of spatial precision in orbitometry of CT data, representing the physical world, compared to precision in three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality for the first time. This is especially important when new ways are explored to use ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

Maloca

Faludi

Żelechowski

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…While cartographers have not made a generally accepted decision on whether and how to apply the term scale to GeoIVE, researches from other disciplines define virtual replicas rather arbitrarily as 1:1 scaled (Combe et al 2008;Shao et al 2012), true-to-scale (Peukert et al 2019;Koller et al 2019) or full-scale (Pober and Cook 2019) models. Without going into linguistic detail here, we feel that the label 1:1 scaled provides a suitable working definition to describe the relationship between virtual and physical reality as it fits in with cartographic conventions and avoids verbal ambiguity.…”

Section: On Scale In Cartographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Scale in Immersive Virtual Environments

Hruby

Castellanos

Ressl

2020

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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Scale has been a defining criterion of mapmaking for centuries. However, this criterion is fundamentally questioned by highly immersive virtual reality (VR) systems able to represent geographic environments at a high level of detail and, thus, providing the user with a feeling of being present in VR space. In this paper, we will use the concept of scale as a vehicle for discussing some of the main differences between immersive VR and non-immersive geovisualization products. Based on a short review of diverging meanings of scale we will propose possible approaches to the issue of both spatial and temporal scale in immersive VR. Our considerations shall encourage a more detailed treatment of the specific characteristics of immersive geovisualization to facilitate deeper conceptual integration of immersive and non-immersive visualization in the realm of cartography.

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“…Given the environment in which these decisions are made and the potential for snowball effect and cascade bias within decisionmaking later in the forensic reconstruction process [66], it is important that empirical studies are extended to cover a wider remit of forensic reconstruction decisions, encompassing the whole forensic reconstruction process [21]. Equally, the impact of the presentation of findings of the forensic science process on the judgements, decisions, and interpretations of the investigative team, key stakeholders within the legal domain, and judges and juries should be comprehensively explored, both in terms of the existing mechanisms of reporting forensic outcomes and also in relation to the application of new techniques and technology (for example the use of 3D technology [99] or virtual reality reconstruction within the courtroom [100,101], or the application of novel approaches to data collection [102], analysis [103], or interpretation [104,105]). The breadth of knowledge within the jury studies literature [62,106,107,108,109] should be considered in application to the context specific nature of forensic science evidence, acknowledging that the specific nature of the evidence presented in each case will be different.…”

Section: B) Empirical Examination Of Decision-making Has Lacked a Joimentioning

confidence: 99%

A cultural change to enable improved decision-making in forensic science: A six phased approach

et al. 2020

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There has been an increased engagement by researchers in understanding the decision-making processes that occur within forensic science. There is a rapidly growing evidence base underpinning our understanding of decision-making and human factors and this body of work is the foundation for achieving truly improved decision-making in forensic science. Such an endeavour is necessary to minimise the misinterpretation of scientific evidence and maximise the effectiveness of crime reconstruction approaches and their application within the criminal justice system. This paper proposes and outlines a novel six phased approach for how a broadening and deepening knowledge of decision-making in forensic science can be articulated and incorporated into the spheres of research, practice, education, and policy making within forensic science specifically, and the criminal justice system more generally. Phases 1 and 2 set out the importance of systematic examination of the decisions which play a role throughout forensic reconstruction and legal processes. Phase 3 focuses on how these decisions can, and should, be studied to understand the underlying mechanisms and contribute to reducing the occurrence of misleading decisions. Phase 4 highlights the ways in which the results and implications of this research should be communicated to the forensic community and wider criminal justice system. Lastly, the way in which the forensic science domain can move forwards in managing the challenges of human decision-making and create and embed a culture of acceptance and transparency in research, practice and education (learning and training) are presented in phases 5 and 6. A consideration of all 6 connected phases offers a pathway for a holistic approach to improving the transparency and reproducibility of decision making within forensic science. 1 CJS decision map 2 Empirical study of decision mechanisms 3 Communicating the outcomes of decision making research 4 Managing risk 5 Education and training 6

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Using virtual reality for forensic examinations of injuries

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

Validation of virtual reality orbitometry bridges digital and physical worlds

Cartographic Scale in Immersive Virtual Environments

A cultural change to enable improved decision-making in forensic science: A six phased approach

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