Using water hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) to treat wastewater of a residential institution

South Africa's semi-arid climate makes surface water a highly valued resource for the country. Typical of many developing countries, however, surface water quality is often lowered because of effluents which are discharged into nearby rivers, streams and lakes. In Gauteng Province, South Africa, Skinnerspruit is an important water body which flows eastwards from Hartbeerspoort (a lake in West Pretoria), and flows approximately parallel to the Magalies Freeway, passing through both residential and industrial estates in the capital city. It therefore serves as a sink for industrial and municipal effluent discharges which take place daily. Field sampling studies conducted on Skinnerspruit (as well as two canals that deliver effluents from industrial and residential estates into Skinnerspruit) in January and June focused on faecal coliform, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen. Other tested parameters included chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, total suspended solid, and temperature. Some of the results showed that faecal coliform in the river had mean values of 111,444 upstream (U/S) and an attenuated mean value of 3,607 cfu/100 ml downstream (D/S). However, DO had mean concentration of 7.24 mg/l U/S but an improved value of 7.75 mg/l downstream. pH improved marginally from its alkaline state of 8.18 U/S to 8.13 D/S. Temperature also improved marginally from 17.55 o C U/S to 17.04 o C D/S. Nitrate worsened from to 1.31 to 3.19 mg/l D/S. COD improved from 27 to 20.11 mg/l. These results indicate that Skinnerspruit is heavily polluted, especially from faecal coliform. However, the river is responding positively through natural attenuation processes.

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“…Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of inorganic pollutants that might be present in effluents [16]. Data (Tables 1 and 2; Fig.…”

Section: Cod Trend Along Skinnerspruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Industrial and Municipal Waste-Load on Skinnerspruit in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Omole

Adekunle

Ndambuki

et al. 2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…According to several studies [11]- [13], there is a possibility for surface water bodies to become polluted if the environment around them is polluted. Also, the quality and sufficiency of water at the disposal of the people is the measure of their quality of life [14]; therefore, for good water quality, the environment where the river is situated has a role to play. In Ado-Odo/Ota, the local government area where the river is situated and where a study was carried out, there are over 100 large-and small-scale industries, out of which 35 industries discharge untreated or partially treated effluent into the river [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the quality and sufficiency of water at the disposal of the people is the measure of their quality of life [14]; therefore, for good water quality, the environment where the river is situated has a role to play. In Ado-Odo/Ota, the local government area where the river is situated and where a study was carried out, there are over 100 large-and small-scale industries, out of which 35 industries discharge untreated or partially treated effluent into the river [14]. Therefore, for a non-toxic and sustainable environment, there is a need for thorough and continuous assessment of the rivers in Nigeria, to ensure the control of waste lies within the assimilative capacity of such rivers [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of the Current Pollution Status of the River Atuwara, Nigeria, Within an Industrial Site: A Bivariate Approach

Ogbiye

Tenebe

Emenike

et al. 2019

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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With the increase of industrial growth within developing countries, there is a large tendency for increased pollution within the area. The surrounding rivers may be one of the culprits serving as a waste stream; however, as these rivers are used for agricultural, domestic and recreational purposes, as a cautionary measure, a preliminary assessment of the River Atuwara was carried out to know its status using water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), coliform count and temperature were examined within certain portions of the River Atuwara, situated in South-West Nigeria. From the study, the descriptive statistics showed that BOD, pH, DO, TDS, EC, coliform count and temperature had mean values of: 3.719±3.34; 6.715±0.48; 4.51±0.49; 113.8±36.67; 174.11±54.62 1036±202 and 25.17±0.313, respectively. The values of pH, DO and coliform count obtained were above the World Health Organization (WHO) and FEPA standards for drinking water. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the parameters, which showed that BOD, DO, pH, coliform count and temperature are important parameters to be considered in assessing river water quality. We recommend that adequate treatment of the effluent from the source be carried out as well as using waste treatment plants with natural aerators, to improve the degradation of pollutants. Also, there should be strict follow-up of existing river and watershed management policies, to reduce deliberate and accidental spills.

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“…Some studies focused on specific water quality parameters as Priya and Selvan (2017) who conclude that water hyacinth has high removal rates for various dyestuffs and heavy metals like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) from aqueous solutions. In addition, Adewumi and Ogbiye (2009) whom conclude that ECr is capable of limited treatment of waste water containing volatile organic solids, dissolved iron, and heavy metals. In addition, Moyo, Chapungu, and Mudzengi (2013) present evidence showing that ECr could be remediating the river based on statistically significant reduction of sulfates, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, phosphates, and total hardness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of aquatic plants as an in-stream treatment system of drains water quality for adequate design

El-Saadi

Ella

2019

Water Science

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This research is aiming at simulating the effect of floating aquatic plants (FAP) in the drains, for best practice and adequate design, as a water quality treatment system. To achieve this objective, the field measurements of a pilot system that engineered to study the effect of FAP on water quality (WQ) of Emtdad Elumoum drain (EED) in the Western Nile Delta, has been studied. The EED with different FAP surface coverage is simulated using Qual2k model for their impact on the WQ of the drain. The Qual2K is used for simulation of different scenarios for EED with several bed widths assessing the impact of FAP on the drain WQ. In order to find out for the adequate In-stream Treatment System (ITS) design, curve fitting, and corresponding regression models have been developed for the most effective WQ improvement versus different drain dimensions. The developed regression models between the WQ variables and drain dimensions are following second-order polynomial model. Putting into mind the advantages and disadvantages of the FAP, the conclusion from this study brings simple design aspects for cost-effective technology for drain water treatment.

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Using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to treat wastewater of a residential institution

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of Industrial and Municipal Waste-Load on Skinnerspruit in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Impact of Industrial and Municipal Waste-Load on Skinnerspruit in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Preliminary Assessment of the Current Pollution Status of the River Atuwara, Nigeria, Within an Industrial Site: A Bivariate Approach

Simulation of aquatic plants as an in-stream treatment system of drains water quality for adequate design

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