Uso da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente (GC×GC) na caracterização de misturas biodiesel/diesel: aplicação ao biodiesel de sebo bovino

Moraes, Maria Silvana Aranda; Zini, Cláudia Alcaraz; Gomes, Carolina B.; Bortoluzzi, Janaína Heberle; Mühlen, Carin von; Caramão, Elina Bastos

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422011000700016

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…• In another study, Moraes et al [35] showed that the technique CGxCG can show results of characterization of oils and blends of the biodiesel/petrodiesel providing the percentage of the esters in biodiesel and the diesel blends.…”

Section: Beef Tallowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Wastes for Biodiesel Production: The Brazilian Case

Nascimento¹,

Oliveira²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2019

Biofuels - Challenges and Opportunities

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This chapter intends to bring an overview about the Brazilian researches and their contributions to the production of biodiesel from wastes. Currently, the main obstacles to spread the use of biodiesel are its high cost of production and the competition between biodiesel and food industries. So, the use of wastes plays an important role in reducing the biodiesel costs and reusing the materials that have no other applications, as deodorization residues, neutralization soap sticks, and animal fats, among others. Then, we present a review about Brazilian studies involving waste oils and fatty-acid-rich raw materials that helped the advancement in this field of knowledge during the last few years.

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Section: Beef Tallowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Wastes for Biodiesel Production: The Brazilian Case

Nascimento¹,

Oliveira²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2019

Biofuels - Challenges and Opportunities

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“…17 In the literature, many studies have demonstrated that the GC technique can be applied to determine the content of FAME or FAEE in samples of B100 or in mixtures of diesel and biodiesel, 19 and it is also used to quantify other substances like the alcohol used in the reaction and also secondary products such as glycerol, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides. 1,2,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, due to the variety of raw materials 28,29 that can be employed for biodiesel production and the importance of its production in several countries, it is strategic to develop fast 30 and economically attractive methods, through modifications such as applying different column temperatures and lengths and the use of a different internal standard 23 exhibiting similar characteristics, but not present in biodiesel composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Wolf³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this study an analytical method, based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, using a short column and response factor (GCSCRF), was validated for the quantification of fatty acid alkyl esters (methylic or ethylic). During the validation process, the proposed method was employed to analyze twenty samples of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters. Biodiesel samples were produced from soybean oil and the validated method was found to be selective, being able to separate and identify every ester species present in the samples according to its carbon number. When the method was submitted to some variations in the sample preparation procedure, it remained robust. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.76 and 20.4 mg mL -1 , respectively. The suggested method also showed great precision when successive analyses were carried out for different analysts, with standard deviation (SD) 0.6 for repeatibility and relative standard deviation (RSD) percentage 7.3% for intermediate precision, excellent accuracy when compared to other reference methods (EN 14103 and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet dection (HPLC-UV)) and recovery studies.Keywords: biodiesel, gas chromatography, chromatografic column, response factor IntroductionThe growing energy crisis, caused by a high consumption of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, has influenced the development of renewable fuels as alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification or esterification of vegetable or animal oils and fats or fatty acids, in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, 1-3 is one of the most promising alternative fuels. Besides being renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable, biodiesel can be added to petrodiesel due to its similar physico-chemical properties. 4Pure biodiesel is represented by B100 (100% fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE)). However, in the case of biodiesel/petrodiesel blends the abbreviation BX indicates the percentage volume of B100 in these blends. 5 Nowadays, a B7 mixture (7% B100 and 93% diesel oil) is marketed in Brazil. 6 Biodiesel is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE). 7 The quantification of these esters is conducted using several analytical techniques, particularly gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).8-14 GC with flame ionization detection (FID) shows excellent selectivity in biodiesel analysis and is the main technique used for this purpose. 8,11,15,16 In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is regulated and supervised by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP) through Resolution No. 45/2014, 17 in which the European Standard EN1410318 is adopted for the determination of methyl esters by the GC technique. In this case, the external calibration method is used, based on a comparison of the analyte peak area with the peak area of some external standards, analyzed at different concentrations. 17In the ...

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“…Moraes [10] e colaboradores identificaram em uma amostra de bio-óleo de palha de cana-de-açúcar, ácidos, éteres, aldeídos, cetonas e fenóis por GC×GC/TOFMS utilizando o software exclusivo ChromaTOF TM . Em outro trabalho, Moraes [36] empregou a GC×GC/TOF-MS e o software ChromaTOF TM na análise qualitativa de amostras de bio-óleos de casca de arroz e caroço de pêssego, identificando 106 compostos no bio-óleo de casca de arroz e 223 compostos no bio-óleo de caroço de pêssego. Entre os compostos identificados para as duas amostras foram encontrados fenóis, ácidos, cetonas, aldeídos e éteres entre outros oxigenados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified