“…(Tsai et al, 2018;Vega, Hirata, Ventura, & Serrudo, 2018;Xie, Sha, & Yu, 2008). Remote sensing-based mapping is the fastest and most e cient way to quantify and monitor landscape structure (Steinhardt, Herzog, Lausch, Müller, & Lehmann, 1999), both for geomorphological aspects (Silva and Alves 2007;Almeida and Luchiari 2017) and land use (Salovaara, Thessler, Malik, & Tuomisto, 2005;Tsai et al, 2018;Vega et al, 2018). However, mapping based on satellite images presents challenges such as landscape complexity, the choice of input data, the de nition of processing and classi cation techniques, and ambiguous spectral responses (Thenkabail et al 2003;Domaç and Süzen 2006;Lu and Weng 2007;Xie et al 2008).…”