Uso De Líquenes Como Bioindicadores De Contaminación Atmosférica en El Pasivo Ambiental Minero Santo Toribio, Áncash, Perú

Abstract

The use of lichens as bioindicator are widely recognized, especially to know environment quality in a specific zone. This paper assess the lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the mining environmental liability Santo Toribio, Áncash, Perú. Two zones were studied with similar habitats characteristic, but differentiated in the presence of environmental impact, one called Passive Zone and other Control zone; in the first 8 stations were stablished and in the second 1; 108 sampling points were evaluated. In order to know the levels of air pollution by lichens a study of species richness was carried out. Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) was calculated and heavy metals were analyzed. In the case of IAP, the protocol originally used in phorophytes (trees) was adapt to rocky substrates due to the limited timberline in the area; the species used for the analysis of heavy metals by means of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was Usnea durietzii (Motyka, 1937). The study found 42 lichen species distributed in 15 families and 27 genera being mostly crustose type. The lowest value of richness species and IAP and high concentration of heavy metals found in the Passive Zone , reflecting the high levels of air pollution and the efficacy of lichens as bioindicadores of air pollution.

Liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Áncash, Perú)

“…Acarospora altoandina en Áncash (Val-divia & Ramírez 2018). Candelariella vitellina en Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Junín (Rivas Plata 2006. Lecanora dispersa en Áncash (Herbario USM).…”

“…Hypotrachyna erythrodes registrado en Perú (Sipman 1998). Psiloparmelia norstictica Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Puno (Elix & Nash 1992). Punctelia stictica en Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Junín (Rivas Plata 2006).…”

“…Psiloparmelia norstictica Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Puno (Elix & Nash 1992). Punctelia stictica en Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Junín (Rivas Plata 2006). Usnea diuretzii en Áncash (Ramírez & Cano 2005, Valdivia & Ramírez 2018, en Arequipa (Ramos et al 2013), Cusco y Puno (Truong et al 2011), La Libertad (Rodríguez et al 2017) y Junín (Zelada & Pastor 2012).…”

“…Punctelia stictica en Áncash (Valdivia & Ramírez 2018) y Junín (Rivas Plata 2006). Usnea diuretzii en Áncash (Ramírez & Cano 2005, Valdivia & Ramírez 2018, en Arequipa (Ramos et al 2013), Cusco y Puno (Truong et al 2011), La Libertad (Rodríguez et al 2017) y Junín (Zelada & Pastor 2012). Rhizocarpon geographicum en Áncash (Ramírez & Cano 2005, Solomina et al 2007.…”

“…Las publicaciones sobre la diversidad de líquenes en el Perú son varias (Ramírez 1969, Ramírez & Cano 2005, Valdivia & Ramírez 2018, Rivas Plata & Lücking 2012, pero no se cuenta con el registro de estos organismos para el nevado de Pastoruri. En el presente trabajo son reportadas 28 especies de líquenes del nevado Pastoruri, y se discute la diversidad encontrada con las reportadas para otras zonas andinas de Perú y Sudamérica.…”